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Human Biology 175 > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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0
Q

Muscle Fibers?

A

Muscle cell, arranged parallel to each other.

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1
Q

Fascia?

A

Holds muscles together, forms groups, deep fascia.

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2
Q

Epimysium?

A

Connective tissue around entire muscle.

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3
Q

Perimysium?

A

Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers or fascicles.

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4
Q

Fasicles?

A

Bundles of muscle fibers.

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5
Q

Endomysium?

A

Wraps each individual muscle fibers.

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6
Q

Tendons?

A

Attach muscle to bone.

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7
Q

Sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane around muscle fiber.

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8
Q

T Tubules? “transverse tubules”

A

Connect the muscle fibers, continuous with sarcolemma.

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9
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Membranous network similar to ER, stores Ca++ for contraction.

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10
Q

Myoglobin?

A

Pigment similar to Hb for oxygen carrying.

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11
Q

Myofibrils?

A

Protein filaments running length of fibers, but not continuous.

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12
Q

Thin Filament?

A

Contains actin, troponin & tropomyosin.

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13
Q

Thick Filament?

A

Contains myosin.

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14
Q

Sarcomeres?

A

Basic functional unit of skeletal muscle (striated).

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15
Q

Z Discs?

A

Zigzag of dense material separating sarcomeres.

16
Q

Myosin?

A

Golf club shaped protein, form crossbridge.

17
Q

Actin?

A

Helix shape, anchored to Z disc, has myosin-binding sites.

18
Q

Tropomyosin & Troponin?

A

Both cover myosin binding sites on relaxed muscle.

19
Q

Sliding Filaments?

A

Filament length does not change even though the fibers change and slide past each other.

20
Q

Action Potential?

A

Electrical signal/ stimulus.

21
Q

Motor Neuron?

A

Neuron delivering stimulus to muscle.

22
Q

Motor Unit?

A

Single motor neuron & all of the fibers it stimulates, size of motor unit varies with the precision of movement.

23
Q

Motor Endplate?

A

The region of sarcolemma that connects to the nerve.

24
Q

Synaptic Cleft?

A

Space between axon end of nerve & motor endplate.

25
Q

First step of excitement of skeletal muscle (at the neuromuscular junction)?

A

Release AcH: diffuse across synaptic cleft.

26
Q

Second step of excitement of skeletal muscle (at the neuromuscular junction)?

A

Activation of AcH: binds to motor endplates & opens Na+ ion channels

27
Q

Third step of excitement of skeletal muscle (at the neuromuscular junction)?

A

Generates action potential: flow of Na+ generates action potential along sarcolemma.

28
Q

Fourth step of excitement of skeletal muscle (at the neuromuscular junction)?

A

Breakdown AcH: Ach esterase breaks down Ach in synaptic cleft.

29
Q

Creatine Phosphate?

A

Short term, not useful for endurance, extra supply of phosphate when ATP supply is depleted to ADP.

30
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis/Metabolism?

A

After about 15secs, creatine phosphate is depleted, process to breaking down glucose to pyruvate for more ATP, last 30-40secs (short term) (fee ATP)

31
Q

Aerobic Respiration/Metabolism?

A

In presence of oxygen (aerobic), pyruvate broken down further for more ATP, uses Krebs cycle & electron transport chain (in mitochondria), ( long term) (high amount of ATP)

32
Q

Muscle Fatigue?

A

Inability to contract forcefully after prolonged activity. depletion of Ca++, Creatine phosphate, glycogen, Ach.

33
Q

Recovery?

A

Need to increase oxygen after exercise for increased tissue repairs, heart still working harder and increase in body reactions= body still need more oxygen.

34
Q

Skelatal Muscle Fibers?

A

Slow oxidative fiber, fast oxidative fiber, fast glycolytic fibers

35
Q

Slow Oxidative Fibers?

A

Red fibers, high in myoglobin, small diameter, slow pace contraction, fatigue resistant, many mitochondria, (endurance training)

36
Q

Fast Oxidative Fibers?

A

Dark red, some myoglobin, medium diameter fibers, moderate strength, some glycogen, some mitochondria, moderate fatigue, (makes mod. ATP, moderate resistance, intermediate size)

37
Q

Fast Glycolytic Fibers?

A

White fibers, low in myoglobin, large diameter fibers, powerful, high strength, high in glycogen, low in mitochondria, fatigue rapidly, (strength training)

Human Biology 175 (10 decks)

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