Respiratory System Test (Ch. 16) Flashcards
List the five functions of the respiratory system
- Obtain oxygen, remove CO2
- Filter incoming air
- Transport air in and out of the lungs
- Gas exchange
- Control temperature and moisture content of incoming air
- Regulate blood pH
- Produce vocal sounds
Walls between nostrils - deviated septum
Nasal septum
What are the nasal conchae
Splits the passageways into smaller ones
Splits passageways into smaller ones
Nasal conchae
What two things have to happen to air as it enters the nose?
- warmed by the blood
- moistened
List the 4 bones that contain a sinus cavity
- Maxillary
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid bone
Where is the pharynx
Throat
Where are the vocal cords located?
Thyroid cartilage
What type of cartilage is the “Adam’s apple”
Thyroid cartilage
What is the function of the epiglottis
Prevents food from entering the trachea
What is the glottis?
Opening between the vocal cords
What is laryngitis?
Mucus is infected and becomes inflamed and swollen - prevents vocal cords from vibrating freely
What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
Its C shaped rings
Why are the tracheas C shaped rings the shape that they are?
To prevent collapse of trachea and to still allow food to pass through it
Where is the trachea in relation to the esophagus?
Anterior
Microscopic air sacs in lungs where gas exchange takes place
Alveoli
Alveoli
Microscopic air sacs in lungs where gas exchange takes place
Trace the pathway of air in the bronchial tree, starting with primary bronchi and ending with the alveoli
Primary bronchi - Secondary bronchi - Tertiary bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveolar ducts - Alveolar sacs - Alveoli
Which lung is larger?
Right
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
List the 4 muscles that contract in order to increase to volume of the chest cavity during inspiration
- Diaphragm contract
- External intercostals contract
- Pectoralis minor (elevates ribs)
- Sternocleidomastoid (elevates sternum)
What is the function of surfactant
Reduce the alveolis tendencies to collapse
List the two muscles that contract during forced expiration
- Posterior internal intercostals (pull down ribs)
2. Abdominal wall muscles contract
Why do muscles contract during inspiration?
To increase the volume of the chest cavity
What is spirometry?
The air moving in / out of the lungs
What is a respiratory cycle
One inspiration, one expiration
One inspiration and one expiration is considered a …?
Respiratory cycle
Volume of air that enters during a single respiratory cycle
Tidal volume
During forced inspiration, air in addition to resting tidal volume enter the lungs
Inspiratory reserve volume
During forced expiration - air in addition to resting tidal volume exits lungs
Expiratory reserve volume
The air that is left in the lungs after a forced expiration
Residual volume
Max amount of air that a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible
Vital capacity
Max amount of air that a person can inhale following a resting exhale
Inspiratory capacity
Volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration
Functional residual capacity
What varies with age, sex and body size
Total lung capacity
Tidal volume + IRV + ERV + residual volume = …?
Total lung capacity
What part of the brain helps control breathing
Respiratory center in the brain stem
What iron containing molecule in red blood cells binds oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin binds ______ and ________ together in RBCs
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
The gas exchange at cell level is called
Cellular respiration
Upper respiratory tract includes (4)
- Nasal cavity
- Nose
- Paranasal sinuses
- Pharynx
What does the larynx do
Filter air
The lower respiratory tract includes (4)
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchial tree
- Lungs
In vocal cords, decreased tension = ______ pitch
Lower
In vocal cords, higher tension = ______ pitch
Higher
Epiglottis and glottis are made of what type of cartilage?
Epiglottic cartilage
Laryngitis prevents what?
Vocal cords from vibrating freely
Windpipe
Trachea
The trachea is lined with…?
Mucous membrane
Branched airways leading from trachea to microscopic air sacs in lungs
Bronchial tree
Lungs are generally…? (Characteristics)
Soft and spongey
Bowles law
Volume increases, pressure decreases
Law that states that volume increases; pressure decreases
Boyles law
Normal resting today volume (#)
500 mL
Normal inspiratory reserve volume (#)
3000 mL
Normal expiratory reserve volume (#)
1100 mL
Residual volume (#)
1200 mL
More O2 is released with CO2 levels _______
Increase
Most CO2 is transported as …?
Bicarbonate ions
Infection in airsacs - inflammation filled with fluid. Other illnesses lead to it because of a weakened immune system and you are breathing in bacteria
Pnemonia
Chronic lung disease that inflames + narrows airway
Asthma
Inflammation + mucus in bronchial tubes - leads to air restriction
Acute / chronic bronchitis
Improper amount of air in alveoli; lost volume in all/part of your lung (collapsed lung)
Atelectasis
Cancer in lungs - abnormality in cells that cause malignant tumor
Lung cancer
Airsacs in lungs = damaged and lead to difficulty breathing
Emphysema
Genetic disease that causes lung infection and limits ability to breathe over time. Genetic gene cause buildup of mucus in lungs, pancreas and other organs. Mucus clogs airways and traps bacteria leading to infections
Cystic fibrosis
