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Anatomy > Respiratory System Test (Ch. 16) > Flashcards

Respiratory System Test (Ch. 16) Flashcards

1
Q

List the five functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. Obtain oxygen, remove CO2
  2. Filter incoming air
  3. Transport air in and out of the lungs
  4. Gas exchange
  5. Control temperature and moisture content of incoming air
  6. Regulate blood pH
  7. Produce vocal sounds
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2
Q

Walls between nostrils - deviated septum

A

Nasal septum

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3
Q

What are the nasal conchae

A

Splits the passageways into smaller ones

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4
Q

Splits passageways into smaller ones

A

Nasal conchae

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5
Q

What two things have to happen to air as it enters the nose?

A
  • warmed by the blood

- moistened

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6
Q

List the 4 bones that contain a sinus cavity

A
  1. Maxillary
  2. Frontal
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Sphenoid bone
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7
Q

Where is the pharynx

A

Throat

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8
Q

Where are the vocal cords located?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

What type of cartilage is the “Adam’s apple”

A

Thyroid cartilage

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10
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis

A

Prevents food from entering the trachea

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11
Q

What is the glottis?

A

Opening between the vocal cords

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12
Q

What is laryngitis?

A

Mucus is infected and becomes inflamed and swollen - prevents vocal cords from vibrating freely

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13
Q

What prevents the trachea from collapsing?

A

Its C shaped rings

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14
Q

Why are the tracheas C shaped rings the shape that they are?

A

To prevent collapse of trachea and to still allow food to pass through it

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15
Q

Where is the trachea in relation to the esophagus?

A

Anterior

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16
Q

Microscopic air sacs in lungs where gas exchange takes place

A

Alveoli

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17
Q

Alveoli

A

Microscopic air sacs in lungs where gas exchange takes place

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18
Q

Trace the pathway of air in the bronchial tree, starting with primary bronchi and ending with the alveoli

A 
Primary bronchi - 
Secondary bronchi - 
Tertiary bronchi -
Bronchioles -
Alveolar ducts - 
Alveolar sacs - 
Alveoli
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19
Q

Which lung is larger?

A

Right

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20
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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21
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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22
Q

List the 4 muscles that contract in order to increase to volume of the chest cavity during inspiration

A
  1. Diaphragm contract
  2. External intercostals contract
  3. Pectoralis minor (elevates ribs)
  4. Sternocleidomastoid (elevates sternum)
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23
Q

What is the function of surfactant

A

Reduce the alveolis tendencies to collapse

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24
Q

List the two muscles that contract during forced expiration

A
  1. Posterior internal intercostals (pull down ribs)

2. Abdominal wall muscles contract

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25
Q

Why do muscles contract during inspiration?

A

To increase the volume of the chest cavity

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26
Q

What is spirometry?

A

The air moving in / out of the lungs

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27
Q

What is a respiratory cycle

A

One inspiration, one expiration

28
Q

One inspiration and one expiration is considered a …?

A

Respiratory cycle

29
Q

Volume of air that enters during a single respiratory cycle

A

Tidal volume

30
Q

During forced inspiration, air in addition to resting tidal volume enter the lungs

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

31
Q

During forced expiration - air in addition to resting tidal volume exits lungs

A

Expiratory reserve volume

32
Q

The air that is left in the lungs after a forced expiration

A

Residual volume

33
Q

Max amount of air that a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible

A

Vital capacity

34
Q

Max amount of air that a person can inhale following a resting exhale

A

Inspiratory capacity

35
Q

Volume of air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration

A

Functional residual capacity

36
Q

What varies with age, sex and body size

A

Total lung capacity

37
Q

Tidal volume + IRV + ERV + residual volume = …?

A

Total lung capacity

38
Q

What part of the brain helps control breathing

A

Respiratory center in the brain stem

39
Q

What iron containing molecule in red blood cells binds oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Hemoglobin

40
Q

Hemoglobin binds ______ and ________ together in RBCs

A
  • oxygen

- carbon dioxide

41
Q

The gas exchange at cell level is called

A

Cellular respiration

42
Q

Upper respiratory tract includes (4)

A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Nose
  3. Paranasal sinuses
  4. Pharynx
43
Q

What does the larynx do

A

Filter air

44
Q

The lower respiratory tract includes (4)

A
  1. Larynx
  2. Trachea
  3. Bronchial tree
  4. Lungs
45
Q

In vocal cords, decreased tension = ______ pitch

A

Lower

46
Q

In vocal cords, higher tension = ______ pitch

A

Higher

47
Q

Epiglottis and glottis are made of what type of cartilage?

A

Epiglottic cartilage

48
Q

Laryngitis prevents what?

A

Vocal cords from vibrating freely

49
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

50
Q

The trachea is lined with…?

A

Mucous membrane

51
Q

Branched airways leading from trachea to microscopic air sacs in lungs

A

Bronchial tree

52
Q

Lungs are generally…? (Characteristics)

A

Soft and spongey

53
Q

Bowles law

A

Volume increases, pressure decreases

54
Q

Law that states that volume increases; pressure decreases

A

Boyles law

55
Q

Normal resting today volume (#)

A

500 mL

56
Q

Normal inspiratory reserve volume (#)

A

3000 mL

57
Q

Normal expiratory reserve volume (#)

A

1100 mL

58
Q

Residual volume (#)

A

1200 mL

59
Q

More O2 is released with CO2 levels _______

A

Increase

60
Q

Most CO2 is transported as …?

A

Bicarbonate ions

61
Q

Infection in airsacs - inflammation filled with fluid. Other illnesses lead to it because of a weakened immune system and you are breathing in bacteria

A

Pnemonia

62
Q

Chronic lung disease that inflames + narrows airway

A

Asthma

63
Q

Inflammation + mucus in bronchial tubes - leads to air restriction

A

Acute / chronic bronchitis

64
Q

Improper amount of air in alveoli; lost volume in all/part of your lung (collapsed lung)

A

Atelectasis

65
Q

Cancer in lungs - abnormality in cells that cause malignant tumor

A

Lung cancer

66
Q

Airsacs in lungs = damaged and lead to difficulty breathing

A

Emphysema

67
Q

Genetic disease that causes lung infection and limits ability to breathe over time. Genetic gene cause buildup of mucus in lungs, pancreas and other organs. Mucus clogs airways and traps bacteria leading to infections

A

Cystic fibrosis

Anatomy (23 decks)

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