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Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane in muscle of the cell

A

Sarcolemma

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2
Q

The name of the thick filaments in sarcomere

A

Myosin

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3
Q

What is the name of the thin filaments in a sarcomere?

A

Actin

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4
Q

What is the name of a bundle of muscle fibers?

A

Fascicle

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5
Q

What is a fascicle made up of?

A

A bundle of muscle fibers

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6
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

A muscle filament

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7
Q

What is the name of the membrane around many muscle fibers?

A

Perimysium

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8
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscles? (4)

A
  1. Produce movement
  2. Maintain posture
  3. Stabilize joints
  4. Generate heat
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9
Q

What is the name of the units that contract in a muscle?

A

Sarcomere

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10
Q

Which filament, actin or myosin, has cross-bridges?

A

Myosin

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11
Q

Which filament, actin or myosin, has binding sites?

A

Actin

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12
Q

What is the name of the cytoplasm in a muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasm

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13
Q

What is the name of the endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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15
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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16
Q

What does CP stand for?

A

Creatine phosphate

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17
Q

What is the name of the structure that attaches a muscle to a bone?

A

Tendon

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18
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that decomposes acetylcholine?

A

Acetylocholinesterase

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19
Q

What is the name of the fibrous connective tissue that holds a muscle in position and separates one muscle from another?

A

Fascia

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20
Q

What molecule allows ATP to be regenerated?

A

Creatine phosphate

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21
Q

Muscle fatigue occurs from the accumulation of what molecule?

A

Lactic acid

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22
Q

In the liver, what molecule is requires to convert lactic acid to glucose?

A

Oxygen

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23
Q

What is the name of a broad fibrous sheet of connective tissue?

A

Aponeurosis

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24
Q

What is an antagonist muscle group

A

Does the opposite movement

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25
Q

What is a synergist muscle group?

A

Reduces undesirable movement

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26
Q

What is a prime mover?

A

Main muscle that does an action

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27
Q

What ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when an action potential comes?

A

Calcium

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28
Q

Can muscles ever push?

A

No

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29
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

Attached the the immovable bone

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30
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

Attached to the bone that moves

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31
Q

Will the bulk of the muscle alway lie proximal to the bone it crosses?

A

Yes

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32
Q

All muscles have at least __ attachments

A

2

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33
Q

All skeletal muscles cross at least __ joint(s)

34
Q

Does the origin move towards the insertion during muscle contraction?

A

No - insertion towards origin

35
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

A neurotransmitter

36
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

Where a muscle and nerve join

37
Q

What is an axon?

A

Part of a neuron - carries the action potential

38
Q

What is a motor unit

A

A neuron and the muscle fibers it stimulates

39
Q

What is a synaptic cleft?

A

The gap between the neuron and muscle

40
Q

Which is faster: anaerobic or aerobic respiration

41
Q

Which produces 36 ATP per glucose: anaerobic or aerobic respiration?

42
Q

Which produces 2 ATP per one glucose: anaerobic or aerobic respiration?

43
Q

Which produces lactic acid: anaerobic or aerobic respiration?

44
Q

Which requires a continuous supply of oxygen: anaerobic glycosis or aerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration

45
Q

Which does not require a continuous supply of oxygen: anaerobic glycosis or aerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic glycosis

46
Q

Fill in the blank CP + ___ = ___ + creatine

A
  1. ADP

2. ATP

47
Q

What does rectus mean?

48
Q

Oblique

49
Q

Transversus

A

Horizontal

50
Q

Maximus

51
Q

Longus

52
Q

Minimus

53
Q

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasm

54
Q

Connective tissue around each muscle

55
Q

The membrane that divides the muscle into compartments

A

Perimysium

56
Q

The connective tissue that is around each muscle cell

A

Endomysium

57
Q

What is another name for endomysium

A

Sarcolemma

58
Q

What type of athlete would have mostly fast twitch muscle fibers?

59
Q

Which type of athlete would have slow twitch muscle fibers?

A

Marathoner

60
Q

What type of person would have about equal amounts of each type of fiber?

A

Average person

61
Q

Muscle attatched to bones

A

Skeletal muscle

62
Q

Muscles that are striated

A

Skeletal and cardiac

63
Q

Muscles that have multiple nuclei

64
Q

Voluntary muscles

65
Q

Muscles that contract rapidly but tire quickly

66
Q

Muscle with no striations

67
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

Smooth and cardiac

68
Q

Muscles with a single nucleus

A

Smooth and cardiac

69
Q

Muscle that is arranged in layers

70
Q

Muscle found in walls of organs

71
Q

Muscle that is slow and rhythmic

72
Q

Cardiac is found in the

73
Q

Muscle that is more rhythmic and slower than smooth muscles

74
Q

Group of diseases that deteriorates muscle mass over time

A

Muscular dystrophy

75
Q

Why does lifting weights create muscle mass?

A

Creates microtears in your muscle, heal overnight and come back stronger

76
Q

Healthier eating leader to better performance - maintains energy, skin and bone health

A

Diet and athletic performance

77
Q

Promote growth of the muscle, helps recovery time, increases mass - accelerates production and reduces body fat

78
Q

Overuse of muscle

A

Muscle stretch

79
Q

Tearing of 5% or less of muscle

A

Muscle pull

80
Q

Strain / excessive stretch in muscle

A

Muscle strain

81
Q

Tear in more than 5% of muscle

A

Muscle tear

82
Q

Lactic acid causes pain - stretching relieves pain. Warm-up loosens joints and increases blood flow. Cool down = gradual decrease in work-out - rolling out reduces lactic acid

A

Importance of a warm-up and cool-down

Anatomy (23 decks)

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