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Anatomy > Digestive System Test (Ch. 15) > Flashcards

Digestive System Test (Ch. 15) Flashcards

1
Q

4 layers in the wall of the alimentary canal

A
  1. Serosa
  2. Muscular
  3. Submucosa
  4. Mucosa
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2
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave like muscle contractions that push food down the alimentary canal

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3
Q

Why is it important for the lips to have a lot of nerves?

A

Detect temperature and texture of what a person is going to eat

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4
Q

What are the papillae on the tongue

A

Taste buds

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5
Q

What bone serves as the pint of attachment for the tongue

A

Hyoid

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6
Q

What type of bone tissue is in the tonsils

A

Lymphatic

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7
Q

What is the uvula? Its function?

A
  • Hangs in the back of the throat

- Prevents food/ drink from going up the nasal cavity

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8
Q

Is the hard palate anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior

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9
Q

Why are primary teeth sometimes referred to as deciduous

A

They fall out as the child gets older

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10
Q

How many teeth are in the deciduous set?

A

20

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11
Q

How many incisors in the adult mouth?

A

8

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12
Q

How many cuspids in the adult mouth

A

4

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13
Q

How many bicuspids in the adult mouth?

A

8

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14
Q

How many molar in the adult mouth?

A

12

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15
Q

What is the difference between the crown and root of a tooth?

A
  • crown = above the gum line

- root = below the gum line

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16
Q

What is enamel

A

Outermost covering of the tooth

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17
Q

What is dentin?

A

Layer below the enamel

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18
Q

What is the pulp cavity?

A

Inner part of the tooth where blood vessels and nerves are located

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19
Q

What does cementum do?

A

Keeps the tooth in place

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20
Q

What movie mentions the periodontal ligament

A

Nemo

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21
Q

Differences between the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx

A
  • naso: by the nasal cavity
  • oro: the the mouth
  • laryngo: by the larynx
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22
Q

Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea?

A

Posterior

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23
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Connects the mouth to the stomach

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24
Q

What is the name of the sphincter that leads into the stomach

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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25
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Fundic
  3. Body
  4. Pyloric
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26
Q

What is the function of the rugae

A

Increase surface area

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27
Q

What is the name of the sphincter that leads into the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

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28
Q

How does the stomach not digest itself

A

Lines with a special lining and mucus that can withstand the acidic conditions

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29
Q

What is chyme?

A

Juice; food material

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30
Q

Which material (carbs, proteins, fats) gets digested the fastest? Slowest?

A
  • Fastest = carbohydrates

- Slowest = fats

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31
Q

What are some things that get absorbed directly from the stomach?

A

Water, alcohol, fat soluble drugs

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32
Q

What are some of the functions of the small intestine?

A
  1. Absorb nutrients
  2. Complete digestion
  3. Move things to the large intestine
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33
Q

List the three parts of the small intestine in order

A
  • duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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34
Q

What is the mesenterio?

A

Tissue that keeps the small intestine together

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35
Q

What are villi?

A

Hair like projections on the inside of the small intestine to increase surface area

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36
Q

What enzyme begins carb digestion in the saliva

A

Amylase

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37
Q

What enzyme breaks down sucrose?

A

Sucrose

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38
Q

What to sucrose break down into

A

Glucose

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39
Q

What enzyme breaks down maltose?

A

Maltese

40
Q

What is maltose broken down into?

A

Fructose

41
Q

What enzyme breaks down lactose?

A

Lactase

42
Q

What is lactose broken down into?

A

Galactose

43
Q

What enzymes break down proteins?

A

Pepsin

44
Q

What is the name of the sphincter that leads from the small intestine into the large intestine?

A

Ileocecal

45
Q

Where is the appendix

A

Right side, the beginning of the large intestine

46
Q

What does the appendix do?

A

Not much - bit of lymphatic tissue

47
Q

List the 4 parts of the colon

A
  1. Ascending
  2. Transverse
  3. Descending
  4. Sigmoid
48
Q

Which sphincter at the end of the anal canal is voluntary?

A

External

49
Q

What are the teniae coli?

A

Longitudinal bands of tissue on the large intestine

50
Q

What are the haustra

A

Pouches of the large intestine

51
Q

What does feces consist of?

A

Water, electrolytes, unndigested material, intestinal cells, mucus, bacteria

52
Q

What is the name of the process where we eliminate feces from our body?

A

Defecation

53
Q

List the three types of salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Sublingual
  3. Submandibular
54
Q

What is the location of the pancreas?

A

Location: middle / left abdomen

55
Q

What is the location of the liver?

A

Location: Upper right abdomen

56
Q

What is the location of the gallbladder

A

Location: behind liver

57
Q

What are 3 macronutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

58
Q

What are 2 micronutrients

A

Vitamins, minerals

59
Q

Is is a calorie?

A

energy requires to raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

60
Q

How many calories in a Calorie?

A

1000

61
Q

How many Calories are in a kilocalorie

A

1

62
Q

How many Calories does on gram of fat yield?

A

9

63
Q

How many Calories does one gram of carbohydrate yield?

A

4

64
Q

How many Calories does one gram of protein yield?

A

4

65
Q

What does “essential” mean?

A

The body does not produce it

66
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates

A

Energy

67
Q

What are some sources of carbohydrates?

A

Grains, vegetables, pasta, sugars, fruits, honey, meat

68
Q

What is a danger in eating too many carbohydrates?

A

If you dont use the energy, it gets stores in far and can lead to obesity or cardiovascular disease

69
Q

What is the main function of lipids?

A

Energy

70
Q

Which type of fat is the worst for you, saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

71
Q

What are some sources of fats?

A

Meats, eggs, milk, lard, oils

72
Q

What percentage of Calories should derive from fats?

A

30%

73
Q

What is the main function of proteins

A

Build new tissue

74
Q

What are some sources of proteins?

A

Meats, poultry, legumes, fish, cheese, nuts, milk, eggs, cereal

75
Q

What are some fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

76
Q

What does it mean to be fat-soluble?

A

It can dissolve in fat

77
Q

What are some water soluble vitamins?

A

B complex, C

78
Q

What does it mean to be water soluble?

A

Dissolve in water

79
Q

What are minerals>

A

Elements other than carbon that are essential in metabolism

80
Q

List 3 major minerals

A

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, Florine, magnesium

81
Q

List 3 trace minerals

A

Iron, manganese, copper, iodine, cobalt, zinc, fluorine selenium, chromium

82
Q

What is undernutrition

A

Not enough calories, poor quality of food

83
Q

What is over nutrition?

A

Too many calories too much junk food, overeating

84
Q

DIAGRAMS

A

.

85
Q
  • Pouches in the wall of colon become inflamed or infected as a result of bacterial grown
A

Diverticulitis

86
Q
  • Acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and throat
  • cause heart burn, bloating, vomiting, regurgitation etc.
A

Acid reflux

87
Q
  • Inability to digest sugar (lactose is a sugar found in milk)
A

Lactose intolerance

88
Q
  • Open sores in stomach or small intestine
  • includes gastric (stomach) or duodenal (in duodenum - upper part of small intestine)
  • Caused by heliobacter pylori
A

Peptic ulcers

89
Q

Immune reaction to gluten - villa cause your body to not absorb the nutrients that one should be absorbing

A

Celiac disease

90
Q
  • late stage of scarring in the liver
  • too much scar tissue propels it not to function
  • Life threatening because it can’t clean your blood
A

Cirrhosis of the liver

91
Q
  • Contents in the gallbladder are solid rocks

- Pain in upper stomach and back, digestion problems, vomiting, nausea

A

Gallstones

92
Q
  • An inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis virus

- 5 different types - include A, B, C, D, and E.

A

Hepatitis

93
Q

Function is to absorb water, form and store feces, excrete waste and contain bacteria

A

Large intestine

94
Q

Function is to secrete a juice that helps digest carbs, fats, nucleic acids, and proteins

A

Pancreas

95
Q

Function is to maintain metabolism of carbs, lipids, dats, filter blood, remove toxins and old RBCs, store glucose, secretes bile, and store iron and vitamins

A

Liver

96
Q

Function is to store bile

A

Gallbladder

Anatomy (23 decks)

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