Digestive System Test (Ch. 15) Flashcards
4 layers in the wall of the alimentary canal
- Serosa
- Muscular
- Submucosa
- Mucosa
What is peristalsis?
Wave like muscle contractions that push food down the alimentary canal
Why is it important for the lips to have a lot of nerves?
Detect temperature and texture of what a person is going to eat
What are the papillae on the tongue
Taste buds
What bone serves as the pint of attachment for the tongue
Hyoid
What type of bone tissue is in the tonsils
Lymphatic
What is the uvula? Its function?
- Hangs in the back of the throat
- Prevents food/ drink from going up the nasal cavity
Is the hard palate anterior or posterior?
Anterior
Why are primary teeth sometimes referred to as deciduous
They fall out as the child gets older
How many teeth are in the deciduous set?
20
How many incisors in the adult mouth?
8
How many cuspids in the adult mouth
4
How many bicuspids in the adult mouth?
8
How many molar in the adult mouth?
12
What is the difference between the crown and root of a tooth?
- crown = above the gum line
- root = below the gum line
What is enamel
Outermost covering of the tooth
What is dentin?
Layer below the enamel
What is the pulp cavity?
Inner part of the tooth where blood vessels and nerves are located
What does cementum do?
Keeps the tooth in place
What movie mentions the periodontal ligament
Nemo
Differences between the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
- naso: by the nasal cavity
- oro: the the mouth
- laryngo: by the larynx
Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea?
Posterior
What is the function of the esophagus?
Connects the mouth to the stomach
What is the name of the sphincter that leads into the stomach
Lower esophageal sphincter
What are the four regions of the stomach
- Cardiac
- Fundic
- Body
- Pyloric
What is the function of the rugae
Increase surface area
What is the name of the sphincter that leads into the small intestine
Pyloric sphincter
How does the stomach not digest itself
Lines with a special lining and mucus that can withstand the acidic conditions
What is chyme?
Juice; food material
Which material (carbs, proteins, fats) gets digested the fastest? Slowest?
- Fastest = carbohydrates
- Slowest = fats
What are some things that get absorbed directly from the stomach?
Water, alcohol, fat soluble drugs
What are some of the functions of the small intestine?
- Absorb nutrients
- Complete digestion
- Move things to the large intestine
List the three parts of the small intestine in order
- duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What is the mesenterio?
Tissue that keeps the small intestine together
What are villi?
Hair like projections on the inside of the small intestine to increase surface area
What enzyme begins carb digestion in the saliva
Amylase
What enzyme breaks down sucrose?
Sucrose
What to sucrose break down into
Glucose
What enzyme breaks down maltose?
Maltese
What is maltose broken down into?
Fructose
What enzyme breaks down lactose?
Lactase
What is lactose broken down into?
Galactose
What enzymes break down proteins?
Pepsin
What is the name of the sphincter that leads from the small intestine into the large intestine?
Ileocecal
Where is the appendix
Right side, the beginning of the large intestine
What does the appendix do?
Not much - bit of lymphatic tissue
List the 4 parts of the colon
- Ascending
- Transverse
- Descending
- Sigmoid
Which sphincter at the end of the anal canal is voluntary?
External
What are the teniae coli?
Longitudinal bands of tissue on the large intestine
What are the haustra
Pouches of the large intestine
What does feces consist of?
Water, electrolytes, unndigested material, intestinal cells, mucus, bacteria
What is the name of the process where we eliminate feces from our body?
Defecation
List the three types of salivary glands
- Parotid
- Sublingual
- Submandibular
What is the location of the pancreas?
Location: middle / left abdomen
What is the location of the liver?
Location: Upper right abdomen
What is the location of the gallbladder
Location: behind liver
What are 3 macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
What are 2 micronutrients
Vitamins, minerals
Is is a calorie?
energy requires to raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
How many calories in a Calorie?
1000
How many Calories are in a kilocalorie
1
How many Calories does on gram of fat yield?
9
How many Calories does one gram of carbohydrate yield?
4
How many Calories does one gram of protein yield?
4
What does “essential” mean?
The body does not produce it
What is the main function of carbohydrates
Energy
What are some sources of carbohydrates?
Grains, vegetables, pasta, sugars, fruits, honey, meat
What is a danger in eating too many carbohydrates?
If you dont use the energy, it gets stores in far and can lead to obesity or cardiovascular disease
What is the main function of lipids?
Energy
Which type of fat is the worst for you, saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
What are some sources of fats?
Meats, eggs, milk, lard, oils
What percentage of Calories should derive from fats?
30%
What is the main function of proteins
Build new tissue
What are some sources of proteins?
Meats, poultry, legumes, fish, cheese, nuts, milk, eggs, cereal
What are some fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
What does it mean to be fat-soluble?
It can dissolve in fat
What are some water soluble vitamins?
B complex, C
What does it mean to be water soluble?
Dissolve in water
What are minerals>
Elements other than carbon that are essential in metabolism
List 3 major minerals
calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, Florine, magnesium
List 3 trace minerals
Iron, manganese, copper, iodine, cobalt, zinc, fluorine selenium, chromium
What is undernutrition
Not enough calories, poor quality of food
What is over nutrition?
Too many calories too much junk food, overeating
DIAGRAMS
.
- Pouches in the wall of colon become inflamed or infected as a result of bacterial grown
Diverticulitis
- Acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and throat
- cause heart burn, bloating, vomiting, regurgitation etc.
Acid reflux
- Inability to digest sugar (lactose is a sugar found in milk)
Lactose intolerance
- Open sores in stomach or small intestine
- includes gastric (stomach) or duodenal (in duodenum - upper part of small intestine)
- Caused by heliobacter pylori
Peptic ulcers
Immune reaction to gluten - villa cause your body to not absorb the nutrients that one should be absorbing
Celiac disease
- late stage of scarring in the liver
- too much scar tissue propels it not to function
- Life threatening because it can’t clean your blood
Cirrhosis of the liver
- Contents in the gallbladder are solid rocks
- Pain in upper stomach and back, digestion problems, vomiting, nausea
Gallstones
- An inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis virus
- 5 different types - include A, B, C, D, and E.
Hepatitis
Function is to absorb water, form and store feces, excrete waste and contain bacteria
Large intestine
Function is to secrete a juice that helps digest carbs, fats, nucleic acids, and proteins
Pancreas
Function is to maintain metabolism of carbs, lipids, dats, filter blood, remove toxins and old RBCs, store glucose, secretes bile, and store iron and vitamins
Liver
Function is to store bile
Gallbladder
