Cardiovascular System Test (chapter 12) Flashcards
Eurythrocytes
RBCs
W/R? Transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide
RBC
W/R? No nucleus
RBC
W/R? Contain hemoglobin
RBC
What is hemoglobin?
An iron-containing protein
One hemoglobin is capable of containing how many O2 molecules?
4
How is O2 carried to the cells?
Diffusion
What compound attatched to hemoglobin?
CO2
W/R? Round, disk shaped
RBC
How many hemoglobin molecules fit on one RBC?
250 million
How much of the blood do RBCs make up?
44%
W/R? Produced in red bone marrow of ribs, humerus, femur, sternum, and other long bones
RBC
Where are old RBCs destroyed?
Liver and spleen
W/R? Life span of 100-120 days
RBCs
RBCs are controlled by what hormone produced in the kidneys?
Erythropoitin
W/R? Less than 1% of blood volume
WBC
W/R? Has a nucleus
WBC
W/R? Biggest of the two blood cells
WBC
W/R? Job to defend against disease
WBC
W/R? Can slip out of vessels
WBC
W/R? Cause inflammatory response
WBC
W/R? Damaged cells give off certain chemicals so that ______ are alerted and can rush to the wounded area
WBC
Production of WBCs increase when there is a(n) _________.
Infection
B- blood can receive from which of the blood types?
B-, O-
How do RBC differ from WBC?
- WBC are bigger
- Purpose
- RBC: transport oxygen
- WBC: fight infection and disease
- Nucleus
- RBC: doesnt have one
- WBC: has one
- Make-up of blood
- RBC: make up 44%
- WBC: Make up less than 1%
Production of RBC depend on…?
The amount of O2 levels in the blood
The fluid or liquid part of the blood that contains proteins
Plasma
Different types of blood are due to surface molecules called?
Antigens
What protein binds oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Hemoglobin
What % of the blood is plasma?
55%
What % of the blood is red blood cells?
44%
What is the function of the plasma?
Contains proteins - Carries RBC, WBC, platelets, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, gases, and inorganic salts
What is the function of RBCs?
The transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide
What is the function of WBCs?
To fight disease and infection
What blood type is the universal donor?
O- (because it has no antigens)
What blood type is the universal acceptor?
AB+ (because it has no antibodies)
One hemoglobin molecule can carry up to ___ oxygen molecules
4
T / F: If you have type A blood and type O is added during a transfusion, no problems will arise
False: type O has anti-A antibodies, and blood type A has A antigens
T/F: blood is slightly acidic
False - blood is slightly basic
T/F: Healthy RBCs are biconcave
True
Old RBCs are destroyed by the red bone marrow
False - destroyed by the liver and spleen
T/F: the average life span of a RBC is about 10-20 days
False - the average lifespan of a RBC is 100-120 days
T/F: RBCs are produced in the liver and spleen
False - they are produced in the red bone marrow
What hormone is involved in the production and the destruction of RBCs, and is mostly produced in the kidneys?
Erythropoietin
The condition in which a person has too many RBCs
Polycythemia
What element does hemoglobin contain?
Iron
What is anemia?
Lack of red blood cells
What is the connection between malaria and sickle cell anemia?
If you have sickle cell, then you cant get malaria
Describe Leukemia and how an individual who had this disease may be affected by it
- Cancer within blood cells: too many WBCs in the body
- symptoms = fever, chills, red spots, tendencies to bleed
- treatment = chemo, cell transplant
- no definite cure
A human blood sample at the blood bank has B antigens in the RBCs and anti-A antibodies in the plasma. What type is the blood? Who can receive it?
Ask
When is Rh incompatibility a risk in pregnancy?
During erythroblastosis fetalis - the mother has Rh - and the child is Rh +
A health instructor teaches the class to use gauze to put pressure on a cut. Why is this helpful?
- gauze has frayed edges so the platelets can connect to it
- by putting pressure on it, the hope is that some cells die due to pressure and alert the WBCs by releasing their chemical
Anne has blood type AB and just had a baby who is blood type AB. She is claiming that Billy is the father and is demanding that he pay child support. Billy is blood type A. Is it possible that Billy is the father of the baby?
Yes. In either case of Billy being blood type AA or AO, the child may be his
Another name for clotting of the blood is
Agglutination
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells
What part of the blood is responsible for clotting?
Platelets
How long is the life span of a platelet?
One week
How are blood types determined?
By the presence or absence of surface molecules on the RBC
What blood type is the most common amongst Americans?
O (47%)
What blood type is the least common amongst Americans?
AB (3%)
Why is someone more likely to bleed to death when an artery is cleanly severed rather than when it is crushed and torn?
If the cut is jagged then the platelets have something to stick on to and form a web faster
Sticky network of protein fibers
Fibrin
What forms a web over an opened wound?
Platelets (specifically fibrin)
Another word for platelets?
Thrombocytes
What is hemostasis?
The stoppage of bleeding
What part of the blood is responsible for clotting
Thrombocytes
Another name for a blood clot is…?
Thrombocyte
If you had a low hematocrit would you expect your hemoglobin percentage to be high or low? Why?
Low because you have fewer red blood cells, which means that you have less hemoglobin because RBCs contain hemoglobin
List 2 causes of anemia
Iron deficiency
Blood loss
How could training at high elevations affect an athletes blood cell count
Increases the red blood cell count in order to receive more oxygen
Which blood type is the universal donor
O-
What blood type is the universal recipient
AB+
Antibodies are produced around how many months after birth??
2-8 months
Disorder in which your red blood cells are a C-shape. Allows for extreme pain
Sickle-cell anemia
Disorder in which there are too many red blood cells / too thick of blood
Polycythemia
Disorder in which there is a lack of red blood cells - caused y blood loss and iron deficiency
Anemia
Which disorder revolves around too many WBC in the blood. Symptoms of joint pain, red sport, and the tendency to bleed?
Leukemia
Which disorder involves extreme bleeding - blood does not clot normally
Hemophilia
Which disorder involves extreme blood clotting? Symptoms include swelling, shaking, and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke
Thrombophilia
The disorder in which your body absorbs too much iron. Stored in liver, heart, and kidney. Symptoms include pain, fatigue,, and liver failure.
Hemochromatosis
