respiratory system(test) Flashcards
main function of the respiratory system
trying to get oxygen and get rid of CO2
what is ventilation
what we call breathing, moving air in and out
internal respiration
gas exchange between blood and all your cells
external respiration
exchanging gas between air in lungs and blood
protective function of respiratory system
mucus
dividing line between upper and lower respiratory tracts
larynx
upper tract
nose, pharynx
lower tract
larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, tubing in lungs
what divides nasal cavity into right and left side
nasal septem
inhaling through the nose is healthier because
the nose cleans and warms the air
functions of the nasal cavity
cleans the air
smell
quality of speech
humidify the air
warm the air
what structure connects directly to the nasal cavity?
sinuses
why does your nose run when you cry?
tear ducts in eyes drain to nose, so when cry tears was out mucus
where are your olfactory receptors
top of the nose
function of the conchae
swirl the air
what part of respiratory tract is also part of the digestive tract?
pharynx
what gland sits on the larynx
thyroid
what covers the trachea when you swallow
epiglottis
what structure vibrates to create sound
vocal cords
what side of the trachea is not covered with cartilage ring
the posterior side
when you get old, what lung volume increases
risidual
what part of respiratory system does gas exchange happen in?
alveoli
which air passage way has the largest diameter
trachea
what allows bronchioles to get skinnier
smooth muscle
function of ciliated cells
act like mucus elevator
which lung has two lobes
left
which lung has more sections
right
highest level that can be performed without a significant change in blood pH is called…
…anaerobic threshold
two muscles that work to inhale
diaphragm and external intercostals
name of membranes around the lungs
visceral and pariatal
main thing that maintains breathing rate
CO2
how many blood pathways go to the lungs
2
what is the surfactant
fluid that is in the alveoli to keep the alveoli from sticking together
ventilation is breathing, but what gets air into the lungs
when the chest cavity gets bigger, it creates a vacuum in the cavity. the pressure inside decreases, and is less that outside, so the air moves in
predominant way that CO2 moves through the blood
bicarbonate anion
what can be done to increase vital capacity
exercise
if blow out all air, what is the little bit left called
residual volume
why does oxygen and carbon dioxide move
diffusion
true or false…Gas exchange in the respiratory zone will increase when increase the fluid in the alveoli
false…too much fluid in the alveoli, then it slows things down
true or false…rate of gas exchange will increase if membrane is thicker
false…thicker membrane slows it down
true or false…gas exchange rate will increase with more surface area
true…the more functional alveoli there are, the more oxygen- carbon-dioxide exchanged at a time
how does carbon monoxide effect red blood cells
it sticks to hemoglobin so oxygen can’t, causing you to suffocate
what disease results in a decrease in surface area because some alveoli have been destroyed
emphysema
main way oxygen moves in red bllod cells
in the blood on hemoglobin
what is the volume of air called that is an extra inhale
inspiratory reserve
what is the volume of air called that is a normal breath
tidal volume
what is the volume of air called that is an extra exhale after a normal breath
expiratory reserve
