circulatory system(unfinished)

Question 1

two major transport systems in the body

Answer 1

A. Cardiovascular/circulatory
B. lymphatic system
- uses vessels/tubes that are open ended
both systems work together…directly connect to each other

Question 2

Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

consists of “plumbing and pumps” and a circulation fluid
Pump = heart
fluid = blood
plumbing = blood vessels

Question 3

order of “plumbing”

Answer 3

heart ➡ arteries/arterioles ➡ capillaries ➡ venules/veins ➡ heart ➡ arteries

Question 4

arteries and arterioles

Answer 4

take blood away from the heart

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

where everything is exchanged
functional unit of cardiovascular system

Question 6

venules and veins

Answer 6

venules are small veins

Question 7

Lymphatic system

Answer 7

an open system that returns excess materials in the tissue spaces back to the blood

Question 8

fluid in the lymphatic system

Answer 8

lymph

Question 9

does the lymphatic system have a pump

Answer 9

no dedicated pump; fluid moves in a direction because squeezed by muscles and deep breaths

Question 10

lymphatic vessels

Answer 10

move lymph in one direction…some have one way valves that bring fluid to the heart

Question 11

lymph nodes

Answer 11

in neck, arms, top of legs
are a weigh station…if an infection in lymphatic vessels, then will take out or check for infection
lots of WBC

Question 12

cardiovascular system

Answer 12

major connection between external and internal environment
blood is internal need to take in from external (food and oxygen) to survive
systems set up to get into blood
-everything going in or out of body goes through the circulatory system
there are somewhere between 60,000 and 100,00 miles worth of vessels

Question 13

general functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 13

• transport
• homeostasis
• protection

Question 14

transport functions

Answer 14

• pick up food and oxygen from digestive and respiratory systems and deliver to our cells
• pick up waste and carbon dioxide from cells and deliver that to urinary and respiratory systems
• transport hormones and other chemicals throughout the body

Question 15

homeostasis functions

Answer 15

• help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
• acid base balance
• help regulate temperature: sweating, send blood to surface of skin and radiate heat

Question 16

protective functions

Answer 16

• clotting and inflammation: keep pressure in the area so bad things stay in one spot, limit the spread of disease
• immune system, WBC travels bloodstream

Question 17

anatomy of the heart

Answer 17

• heart is one of the first systems/organs
• heartbeat by week 4
• heart is about the size of the fist
• located in the mediastinum
• top is called base because flat part/wide
• The rounded point is apex
• in a sack called pericardium
  the heart is better than any machine we can invent so far. beats about 100,000 times a day for life. that’s 36.5 million times a year, 2.5 billion in a 70 year life

Question 18

pericardium

Answer 18

sack around the heart, double layer membrane around the heart to reduce friction

Question 19

visceral

Answer 19

touching the organ

Question 20

pericardial cavity

Answer 20

contains fluid, takes away friction

Question 21

parietal

Answer 21

outside layer

Question 22

pericarditis

Answer 22

inflammation of pericardium, membranes become dry, each heartbeat becomes painful

Question 23

epicardium

Answer 23

outside layer of membrane

Question 24

myocardium

Answer 24

layer that is actual cardiac muscles
thick
cells interlace and excite each other

Question 25

endocardium

Answer 25

delicate membrane layer on the inside

Question 26

endocarditis

Answer 26

inflammation caused by infection (bacteria, fungus)

Question 27

2 atria

Answer 27

top
smaller and weaker than ventricles
where blood comes into the heart

Question 28

2 ventricles

Answer 28

bottom
blood enters from Atria
The left is stronger than the right…thicker muscle
the right sends blood to the lungs, left everywhere else

Question 29

4 heart chambers

Answer 29

2 atria
2 ventricles

Question 30

4 major vessels attached to the heart

Answer 30

2 arteries
2 veins

Question 31

2 arteries

Answer 31

take blood away from the heart, connect to ventricles
1. aorta- comes out of left ventricle, biggest artery, goes everywhere
2. pulmonary- comes out of right ventricle, pulmonary is lung term, goes to lung

Question 32

2 veins

Answer 32

take blood to the heart, connects to the Atria
1. vena cava dumps into right atria, blood from body to right atrium, everywhere but lungs
2. pulmonary blood is rich in oxygen, comes from lungs to left atria

Question 33

4 heart valve

Answer 33

4 one way valves
valves are there to prevent blood from going in the wrong direction

Question 34

2 AV valves

Answer 34

atrium-ventricle: one way valves so when vessel contracts, blood doesn’t go up into ______
1. bicuspid(mitral), left side
2. tricuspid, right side
heartbeat is valves shutting

Question 35

2 semilunar valves

Answer 35

at beginning of arteries
1. aortic - beginning of aorta arteries
2. pulmonary - beginning of pulmonary

Question 36

blood vessels

Answer 36

blood flows in a closed system of vessels, mainly capillaries
three layers of tissue in vessels. middle layer mainly smooth muscle with elastic and collagen fibers

Question 37

blood vessels: arteries and arterioles

Answer 37

take blood away from heart and to capillaries

Question 38

blood vessels: capillaries

Answer 38

functional unit laid out in capillary beds to the veins

Question 39

blood vessels: veins and venules

Answer 39

bring blood back to the heart

Question 40

aneurysm

Answer 40

if wall of blood vessels get weak, might bulge out and bust. can go undetected and if it is bulging against muscle.
*weak spot in artery wall, could bulge against something or break…internal bleeding