circulatory system(unfinished) Flashcards
two major transport systems in the body
A. Cardiovascular/circulatory
B. lymphatic system
- uses vessels/tubes that are open ended
both systems work together…directly connect to each other
Cardiovascular system
consists of “plumbing and pumps” and a circulation fluid
Pump = heart
fluid = blood
plumbing = blood vessels
order of “plumbing”
heart ➡ arteries/arterioles ➡ capillaries ➡ venules/veins ➡ heart ➡ arteries
arteries and arterioles
take blood away from the heart
capillaries
where everything is exchanged
functional unit of cardiovascular system
venules and veins
venules are small veins
Lymphatic system
an open system that returns excess materials in the tissue spaces back to the blood
fluid in the lymphatic system
lymph
does the lymphatic system have a pump
no dedicated pump; fluid moves in a direction because squeezed by muscles and deep breaths
lymphatic vessels
move lymph in one direction…some have one way valves that bring fluid to the heart
lymph nodes
in neck, arms, top of legs
are a weigh station…if an infection in lymphatic vessels, then will take out or check for infection
lots of WBC
cardiovascular system
major connection between external and internal environment
blood is internal need to take in from external (food and oxygen) to survive
systems set up to get into blood
-everything going in or out of body goes through the circulatory system
there are somewhere between 60,000 and 100,00 miles worth of vessels
general functions of the cardiovascular system
- transport
- homeostasis
- protection
transport functions
- pick up food and oxygen from digestive and respiratory systems and deliver to our cells
- pick up waste and carbon dioxide from cells and deliver that to urinary and respiratory systems
- transport hormones and other chemicals throughout the body
homeostasis functions
- help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
- acid base balance
- help regulate temperature: sweating, send blood to surface of skin and radiate heat
protective functions
- clotting and inflammation: keep pressure in the area so bad things stay in one spot, limit the spread of disease
- immune system, WBC travels bloodstream
anatomy of the heart
- heart is one of the first systems/organs
- heartbeat by week 4
- heart is about the size of the fist
- located in the mediastinum
- top is called base because flat part/wide
- The rounded point is apex
- in a sack called pericardium
the heart is better than any machine we can invent so far. beats about 100,000 times a day for life. that’s 36.5 million times a year, 2.5 billion in a 70 year life
pericardium
sack around the heart, double layer membrane around the heart to reduce friction
visceral
touching the organ
pericardial cavity
contains fluid, takes away friction
parietal
outside layer
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium, membranes become dry, each heartbeat becomes painful
epicardium
outside layer of membrane
myocardium
layer that is actual cardiac muscles
thick
cells interlace and excite each other
endocardium
delicate membrane layer on the inside
endocarditis
inflammation caused by infection (bacteria, fungus)
2 atria
top
smaller and weaker than ventricles
where blood comes into the heart
2 ventricles
bottom
blood enters from Atria
The left is stronger than the right…thicker muscle
the right sends blood to the lungs, left everywhere else
4 heart chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
4 major vessels attached to the heart
2 arteries
2 veins
2 arteries
take blood away from the heart, connect to ventricles
1. aorta- comes out of left ventricle, biggest artery, goes everywhere
2. pulmonary- comes out of right ventricle, pulmonary is lung term, goes to lung
2 veins
take blood to the heart, connects to the Atria
1. vena cava dumps into right atria, blood from body to right atrium, everywhere but lungs
2. pulmonary blood is rich in oxygen, comes from lungs to left atria
4 heart valve
4 one way valves
valves are there to prevent blood from going in the wrong direction
2 AV valves
atrium-ventricle: one way valves so when vessel contracts, blood doesn’t go up into ______
1. bicuspid(mitral), left side
2. tricuspid, right side
heartbeat is valves shutting
2 semilunar valves
at beginning of arteries
1. aortic - beginning of aorta arteries
2. pulmonary - beginning of pulmonary
blood vessels
blood flows in a closed system of vessels, mainly capillaries
three layers of tissue in vessels. middle layer mainly smooth muscle with elastic and collagen fibers
blood vessels: arteries and arterioles
take blood away from heart and to capillaries
blood vessels: capillaries
functional unit laid out in capillary beds to the veins
blood vessels: veins and venules
bring blood back to the heart
aneurysm
if wall of blood vessels get weak, might bulge out and bust. can go undetected and if it is bulging against muscle.
*weak spot in artery wall, could bulge against something or break…internal bleeding
