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anatomy > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

major functions of the nervous system

A
  • receiving sensory input
  • integrating information
  • controlling muscles and glands
  • maintaining homeostasis
  • establishing and maintaining mental activity
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2
Q

what type of neuron sends messages to the brain

A

sensory neurons or afferent

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3
Q

what type of neuron takes messages away from the brain

A

motor neurons or efferent

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4
Q

if divide nervous system into 2 by location, what are they called

A

PNS and CNS

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5
Q

what is a group of cell bodies in the PNS called

A

ganglia

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6
Q

what is an independent network of neurons in the PNS called

A

Plexis

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7
Q

what is a sense of balance and coordination called

A

kinesthetic

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8
Q

what is sense felt in the gut, like pain or fullness

A

visceral

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9
Q

what do motor neurons control

A

muscles and glands

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10
Q

what is the voluntary branch of the motor division called

A

somatic

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11
Q

what is the involuntary branch of the motor division called

A

autonomic

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12
Q

what division of the autonomic nervous system makes the heart go faster

A

sympathetic

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13
Q

what division of the autonomic nervous system controls digestion

A

enteric

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14
Q

how many layers are there in the meninges

A

3…
dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

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15
Q

outside layer of the meninges is called

A

dura mater

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16
Q

what acts like a seatbelt in the meninges

A

dura folds

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17
Q

what space is between the vertebrae and the meninges

A

epidural

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18
Q

what is the middle layer of the meninges called

A

arachnoid

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19
Q

what fluid lies above the middle layer

A

lymph

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20
Q

what is the function of lymph fluid

A

reducing friction

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21
Q

what is the fluid below the middle layer

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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22
Q

what is the function of cerebrospinal fluid

A

shock absorption

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23
Q

what is the bottom layer of the meninges

A

pia mater

24
Q

what is the largest section of the brain called

A

cerebrum

25
Q

what is the deep middle part of the brain called

A

diencephalon

26
Q

what part of the brain connects the spinal cord and the cerebrum

A

brain stem

27
Q

what part of the brain influences mood

A

thalamus

28
Q

what part of the brain controls homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

29
Q

what part of the brain do we have intellectual functions

A

cerebrum

30
Q

what part of the brain do we control heart rate and breathing

A

medulla oblongata

31
Q

what part of the brain helps us learn motor skills

A

cerebellum

32
Q

what part of the neuron holds the nucleus

A

cell body

33
Q

what part of the neuron holds the nucleus

A

cell body

34
Q

what part of the neuron receives stimuli

A

dendrites

35
Q

what part of the neuron bridges a gap

A

axons

36
Q

what part of a neuron is at the end

A

synaptic knob

37
Q

what’s faster, myelinated or unmyelinated

A

myelinated

38
Q

what type or shape is a sensory neuron

A

unipolar

39
Q

what neuroglial cell makes myelin in the PNS

A

schwann

40
Q

which neuroglial cell eats microorganisms

A

microglia

41
Q

which neuroglial cell creates the blood brain barrier

A

astrocyte

42
Q

what neuroglial makes cerebrospinal fluid

A

apendibal

43
Q

what ion is in high concentration outside the neuron

A

sodium

44
Q

what ion is in high concentration inside the neuron

A

potassium

45
Q

what gives a negative charge to the inside of the neuron

A

anion

46
Q

at rest how does Na and K move across the membrane

A

leak channels

47
Q

how does Na and K get put back where they belong

A

Na - K pump

48
Q

an excitatory stimulus will open what kind of channel

A

Na

49
Q

and inhibitory stimulus will open what kind of channel

A

K

50
Q

what is it called when the cell becomes less negative

A

depolarizing

51
Q

what is it called when the cell becomes more negative

A

hyperpolarizig

52
Q

what is it called when the cell becomes negative again after being positive

A

repolarizing

53
Q

the minimum change needed to send an action potential is called

A

threshold

54
Q

what is the very short period of time after an action potential at which you cannot send another action potential

A

refractory period

55
Q

what type or shape is a motor neuron

A

multipolar

anatomy (8 decks)

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