nervous system Flashcards
major functions of the nervous system
- receiving sensory input
- integrating information
- controlling muscles and glands
- maintaining homeostasis
- establishing and maintaining mental activity
what type of neuron sends messages to the brain
sensory neurons or afferent
what type of neuron takes messages away from the brain
motor neurons or efferent
if divide nervous system into 2 by location, what are they called
PNS and CNS
what is a group of cell bodies in the PNS called
ganglia
what is an independent network of neurons in the PNS called
Plexis
what is a sense of balance and coordination called
kinesthetic
what is sense felt in the gut, like pain or fullness
visceral
what do motor neurons control
muscles and glands
what is the voluntary branch of the motor division called
somatic
what is the involuntary branch of the motor division called
autonomic
what division of the autonomic nervous system makes the heart go faster
sympathetic
what division of the autonomic nervous system controls digestion
enteric
how many layers are there in the meninges
3…
dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater
outside layer of the meninges is called
dura mater
what acts like a seatbelt in the meninges
dura folds
what space is between the vertebrae and the meninges
epidural
what is the middle layer of the meninges called
arachnoid
what fluid lies above the middle layer
lymph
what is the function of lymph fluid
reducing friction
what is the fluid below the middle layer
cerebrospinal fluid
what is the function of cerebrospinal fluid
shock absorption
what is the bottom layer of the meninges
pia mater
what is the largest section of the brain called
cerebrum
what is the deep middle part of the brain called
diencephalon
what part of the brain connects the spinal cord and the cerebrum
brain stem
what part of the brain influences mood
thalamus
what part of the brain controls homeostasis
hypothalamus
what part of the brain do we have intellectual functions
cerebrum
what part of the brain do we control heart rate and breathing
medulla oblongata
what part of the brain helps us learn motor skills
cerebellum
what part of the neuron holds the nucleus
cell body
what part of the neuron holds the nucleus
cell body
what part of the neuron receives stimuli
dendrites
what part of the neuron bridges a gap
axons
what part of a neuron is at the end
synaptic knob
what’s faster, myelinated or unmyelinated
myelinated
what type or shape is a sensory neuron
unipolar
what neuroglial cell makes myelin in the PNS
schwann
which neuroglial cell eats microorganisms
microglia
which neuroglial cell creates the blood brain barrier
astrocyte
what neuroglial makes cerebrospinal fluid
apendibal
what ion is in high concentration outside the neuron
sodium
what ion is in high concentration inside the neuron
potassium
what gives a negative charge to the inside of the neuron
anion
at rest how does Na and K move across the membrane
leak channels
how does Na and K get put back where they belong
Na - K pump
an excitatory stimulus will open what kind of channel
Na
and inhibitory stimulus will open what kind of channel
K
what is it called when the cell becomes less negative
depolarizing
what is it called when the cell becomes more negative
hyperpolarizig
what is it called when the cell becomes negative again after being positive
repolarizing
the minimum change needed to send an action potential is called
threshold
what is the very short period of time after an action potential at which you cannot send another action potential
refractory period
what type or shape is a motor neuron
multipolar
