Respiratory System Review Flashcards
Structures of the mediastinum
Heart, major vessels of heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, lymph nodes of chest
Innervation of the Diaphragm
Phrenic nerve, C3-C5
Lobes and names of the lungs
Right - 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
Left - 2 lobes (upper, lower)
Structures of the respiratory system
Upper - Nasal cavity, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
Lower - Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Chemoreceptors
Structures that monitor O2 and CO2 in the blood
Medulla
Respiratory center of the brain
Function of Alveoli
Release CO2 and absorb O2 from capillaries
Dyspnea
Abnormal, difficult, painful breathing
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing while supine
Apnea
Periods of no breathing
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
Rhinorrhea
Runny Nose (Nose discharge)
Pursed lip breathing
Using accessory muscles to blow out trapped air through pursed lips, increases pressure in airways
Rales, crackles
Abnormal musical sounds on inspiration
Rhonchi
Dry rattling sound because airway obstruction on expiration or inspiration
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung
Pneumonia
Inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli due to infection
Pneumonitis
Inflammation without pathogen origins
Empyema
Collection of pus in chest cavity
Pneumothorax
Air in pleural cavity, or leak of air
Hemothorax
Collection of blood in chest cavity
Pulmonary Embolus
Blood clot in the lung (pulmonary artery)
Pulmonary Edema
Leakage of fluid out of the vascular system into the air spaces of the lungs
Clubbing of the digits
Caused by poor oxygenation
Symptoms of COPD
Dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing, cyanosis, weight loss, pursed lip breathing, barrel chest
Mechanism of COPD
High CO2 —> Compensate by trying to break off excess CO2 —> Body adapts to high CO2 —> Low O2
Mechanism of Emphysema
Air trapped in alveoli —> decreases O2 exchange —> dyspnea, tachypnea, wheezing, coughing
Mechanism of ARDs
Fluid escapes the vascular system and fills the alveoli leading to acute respiratory failure
