Digestive System Review

Question 1

Peritoneum

Answer 1

Large serous membrane that covers the organs in the abdomen and lines the abdominal cavity wall; secretes fluids to prevent friction

Question 2

Peristalsis

Answer 2

Involuntary muscle contractions that produce wave-like movements to move food along from esophagus through intestines

Question 3

Hematemesis

Answer 3

Vomiting blood

Question 4

Hematochezia

Answer 4

Bright red blood in feces

Question 5

Melena

Answer 5

Dark, tarry stool resulting from blood

Question 6

Colonoscopy

Answer 6

Lighted scope through rectum to intestines - search for polyps

Question 7

Colostomy

Answer 7

Surgical procedure in which colon is diverted to an opening in skin; feces can leave body through opening

Question 8

Dental caries

Answer 8

Infection that damages teeth

Question 9

Peptic ulcer

Answer 9

Erosive gastritis - ulcers in stomach or duodenum that break down stomach lining and result in hemorrhage

Question 10

Pernicious anemia

Answer 10

Decrease in RBC because of lack of B12 absorption in GI tract

Question 11

Celiac disease

Answer 11

Gluten enteropathy - intolerance of/allergy to the protein gluten

Question 12

Polyps

Answer 12

Fingerlike projections in the wall of the intestine

Question 13

Diverticula

Answer 13

Pouches in the wall of the intestines where the circular and longitudinal muscle bands meet

Question 14

Diverticulosis

Answer 14

The condition of pouches in colon

Question 15

Diverticulitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the diverticula

Question 16

S/S of GI pathologies

Answer 16

Hemorrhage, performation, motility, abdominal pain, burning pain, heartburn, belching, nausea and vomiting, flatulence, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal cramping, electrolyte loss, constipation, diarrhea, malaise

Question 17

4 locations of hernias/location

Answer 17

Inguinal - Inguinal canal
Femoral - Femoral Canal
Periumbilical - through umbilicus (navel)
Hiatal - pushes through diaphragm into thoracic cavity

Question 18

GERD

Answer 18

Gastric Esophageal Reflux Disease - caused by weakness in sphincter muscles, slow-emptying stomach, hiatal hernia

Question 19

Esophageal varies

Answer 19

Dilated varicose veins of the esophagus

Question 20

Peritonitis is associated with the failure of 2 organs…

Answer 20

Liver failure, kidney failure

Question 21

2 causes of peptic ulcer

Answer 21

NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Question 22

2 types of gastritis

Answer 22

Erosive - Inflammation characterized by lesion

Non-erosive - chronic

Question 23

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 23

Chronic disease that affects the small intestine and has exacerbations and remissions

Question 24

2 structures affected by ulcerative colitis

Answer 24

Colon, rectum

Question 25

2 type/diseases of IBD and how do they differ

Answer 25

Crohn’s Disease - Small intestine

Ulcerative Colitis - Large intestine and colon

Question 26

What GI disorder does not cause damage to affected organ?

Answer 26

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (intestine)

Question 27

Compare and contrast IBD and IBS

Answer 27

IBD - inflammation of bowel, chronic lesions, damages intestines
IBS - motility issues of bowels, not specific, does not damage intestine

Question 28

Dysentery: cause and characteristic symptom

Answer 28

Cause - Microorganisms

Characteristic symptom - Massive bloody diarrhea

Question 29

Ileus

Answer 29

Blockage of intesting

Question 30

Adhesions

Answer 30

Abnormal linkages

Question 31

Volvulus

Answer 31

Twisting of intestine

Question 32

Intussuception

Answer 32

Telescopy of intestine (shirt sleeve)

Question 33

Hemorrhoids - What they are, what is the cause?

Answer 33

Inflammation of nodules of veins in rectum or anus; Caused by increased venous pressure

Question 34

Prolapsed rectum - What it is, what is the cause?

Answer 34

Protrusion of rectum beyond the anus; Caused by increased abdominal oressure with weak pelvic floor muscles