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02A - Medical Diseases > Musculoskeletal Review > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Review Flashcards

1
Q

Five functions of bones

A
  1. Support the body
  2. Produce blood cells
  3. Store fat and minerals
  4. Protect organs (soft tissues)
  5. Create motion
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2
Q

Stages of bone repair

A
  1. Bleeding at injury site, clotting, granulation
  2. Proliferation of cells, callus formation at site of injury
  3. Osteoblast or cartilage formation
  4. Bone calcifies (harden)
  5. Remodeling to appropriate shape
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3
Q

Function of cartilage

A
  1. Protect bone
  2. Cushions (reduces stress on bones)
  3. Decreases friction between bones
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4
Q

Function of muscle

A
  1. Provides structure
  2. Movement
  3. Produce heat
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5
Q

S/S of muscle disease

A

Weakness, atrophy

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6
Q

S/S of bone and joint disease

A

Pain, swelling, decreased mobility, deformity

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7
Q

Spondylitis

A

Inflammation, pain, stiffness of spinal joints. Joints can fuse together, resemble bamboo; “Bamboo Spine”

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8
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Abnormal loss of bone mass; bones have porous, swiss cheese appearance

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9
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow, usually affects long bones of extremities.

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10
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of bones (called rickets in children); Caused by Vitamin D deficiency

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11
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A chronic and systemic inflammation disease that primarily attacks joins and surrounding tissues

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12
Q

Gout

A

Disease associated with metabolic alteration or break down of a specific protein in food causing deposition of uric acid crystals

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13
Q

Gower’s sign is typical of __________

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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14
Q

Classification of fractures

A
  1. Penetration of skin
  2. Condition of bone
  3. Number of fragments or position of fragments
  4. Position of fracture line as compared to bone position
  5. Location
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15
Q

Compound fracture

Penetration of skin

A

Penetrates skin

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16
Q

Closed fracture

Penetration of skin

A

Does not penetrate skin

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17
Q

Complete fracture

Condition of bone fracture

A

Extends through bone and divides bone into two pieces

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18
Q

Incomplete fracture

Condition of bone fracture

A

Fracture does not extend through the bone

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19
Q

Displaced fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Fragments are out of position

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20
Q

Nondisplaced fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Fragments remain in position

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21
Q

Comminuted fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Crushed, fragmented, splintered

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22
Q

Compression fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Bone appears mashed down

23
Q

Impacted fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

One end is forced over the other end

24
Q

Avulsion

Number or position of fragments

A

Small bone fragment attached to the tendon or ligament separates from the bone

25
Longitudinal | Position of fracture line compared to bone position
Runs the length of the bone
26
Transverse | Position of fracture line compared to bone position
Runs across the 90˚ angle
27
Oblique | Position of fracture line compared to bone position
Slanted
28
Spiral | Position of fracture line compared to bone position
Twist pattern
29
Stellate | Position of fracture line compared to bone position
Star-like
30
Burst | Position of fracture line compared to bone position
Vertebra breaks into many pieces from high-energy axial load; Can result into SCI
31
Colle's Fracture (Location)
Distal radial fracture
32
Pott's Fracture (Location)
Bimalleolar fracture
33
Intracapsular fracture (Location)
Inside the joint capsule
34
Extracapsular (Location)
Outside the joint capsule
35
Intertrochanteric (Location)
In the trochanter of the femur
36
Femoral neck (Location)
On the neck of the femur
37
Treatment of fractures
1. Casting and splinting 2. Skeletal Traction 3. Open or closed reduction 4. Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or external fixation
38
Sprain
Joint injury with partial to complete tear of ligament
39
Strain
Overstretch injury of tendon
40
Typical treatment for sprain or strain
RICE, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, strengthening, flexibility, PT
41
Subluxation
Partial separation of joint
42
Dislocation
Complete separation of bone from normal position
43
Fracture complications
1. Non-union - failure of bone to heal 2. Mal-union - heal in abnormal or non-functional position 3. Avascular necrosis - inadequate blood supply to bone 4. Infection - osteomyelitis
44
Low back pain
Musculoskeletal stress or strain of spine area; may have spasms; Caused by obesity, poor posture, weak abdominals, improper lifting, spinal deformity, OA, RA, Osteoporosis
45
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Soft center of the intervertebral disk protrudes through the outer ring of the disk
46
Nerve involved in carpal tunnel syndrome
Median Nerve
47
Paget's Disease
Bone shaped like a bow (Osteitis defomans) - chronic, metabolic disease where overgrowth of new bone is faster than old bone is broken down, causing bowing.
48
de Quervain's Disease
Tendonitis of the thumb based on repetitive use.
49
Hallux Valgus
Bunion
50
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease - wearing out of articular cartilage. Affects local joints, not systemic
51
Ganglion Cyst
Fluid-filled benign tumor develops on the tendon sheath in wrist
52
Tetanus
Acute, infectious life-threatening disease, caused by bacterial toxin
53
Neoplasms
New cell formation, metastasizing from prostate, thyroid, testes, breast, lungs, kidneys (PT Barnum Loves Kids)

02A - Medical Diseases (12 decks)

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