Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

02A - Medical Diseases > Musculoskeletal Review > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Five functions of bones

A
  1. Support the body
  2. Produce blood cells
  3. Store fat and minerals
  4. Protect organs (soft tissues)
  5. Create motion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stages of bone repair

A
  1. Bleeding at injury site, clotting, granulation
  2. Proliferation of cells, callus formation at site of injury
  3. Osteoblast or cartilage formation
  4. Bone calcifies (harden)
  5. Remodeling to appropriate shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of cartilage

A
  1. Protect bone
  2. Cushions (reduces stress on bones)
  3. Decreases friction between bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of muscle

A
  1. Provides structure
  2. Movement
  3. Produce heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

S/S of muscle disease

A

Weakness, atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S/S of bone and joint disease

A

Pain, swelling, decreased mobility, deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spondylitis

A

Inflammation, pain, stiffness of spinal joints. Joints can fuse together, resemble bamboo; “Bamboo Spine”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Abnormal loss of bone mass; bones have porous, swiss cheese appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow, usually affects long bones of extremities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of bones (called rickets in children); Caused by Vitamin D deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A chronic and systemic inflammation disease that primarily attacks joins and surrounding tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gout

A

Disease associated with metabolic alteration or break down of a specific protein in food causing deposition of uric acid crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gower’s sign is typical of __________

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Classification of fractures

A
  1. Penetration of skin
  2. Condition of bone
  3. Number of fragments or position of fragments
  4. Position of fracture line as compared to bone position
  5. Location
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compound fracture

Penetration of skin

A

Penetrates skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Closed fracture

Penetration of skin

A

Does not penetrate skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Complete fracture

Condition of bone fracture

A

Extends through bone and divides bone into two pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Incomplete fracture

Condition of bone fracture

A

Fracture does not extend through the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Displaced fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Fragments are out of position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nondisplaced fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Fragments remain in position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Comminuted fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Crushed, fragmented, splintered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Compression fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

Bone appears mashed down

23
Q

Impacted fracture

Number or position of fragments

A

One end is forced over the other end

24
Q

Avulsion

Number or position of fragments

A

Small bone fragment attached to the tendon or ligament separates from the bone

25
Q

Longitudinal

Position of fracture line compared to bone position

A

Runs the length of the bone

26
Q

Transverse

Position of fracture line compared to bone position

A

Runs across the 90˚ angle

27
Q

Oblique

Position of fracture line compared to bone position

A

Slanted

28
Q

Spiral

Position of fracture line compared to bone position

A

Twist pattern

29
Q

Stellate

Position of fracture line compared to bone position

A

Star-like

30
Q

Burst

Position of fracture line compared to bone position

A

Vertebra breaks into many pieces from high-energy axial load; Can result into SCI

31
Q

Colle’s Fracture (Location)

A

Distal radial fracture

32
Q

Pott’s Fracture (Location)

A

Bimalleolar fracture

33
Q

Intracapsular fracture (Location)

A

Inside the joint capsule

34
Q

Extracapsular (Location)

A

Outside the joint capsule

35
Q

Intertrochanteric (Location)

A

In the trochanter of the femur

36
Q

Femoral neck (Location)

A

On the neck of the femur

37
Q

Treatment of fractures

A
  1. Casting and splinting
  2. Skeletal Traction
  3. Open or closed reduction
  4. Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or external fixation
38
Q

Sprain

A

Joint injury with partial to complete tear of ligament

39
Q

Strain

A

Overstretch injury of tendon

40
Q

Typical treatment for sprain or strain

A

RICE, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, strengthening, flexibility, PT

41
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial separation of joint

42
Q

Dislocation

A

Complete separation of bone from normal position

43
Q

Fracture complications

A
  1. Non-union - failure of bone to heal
  2. Mal-union - heal in abnormal or non-functional position
  3. Avascular necrosis - inadequate blood supply to bone
  4. Infection - osteomyelitis
44
Q

Low back pain

A

Musculoskeletal stress or strain of spine area; may have spasms; Caused by obesity, poor posture, weak abdominals, improper lifting, spinal deformity, OA, RA, Osteoporosis

45
Q

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

A

Soft center of the intervertebral disk protrudes through the outer ring of the disk

46
Q

Nerve involved in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Median Nerve

47
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Bone shaped like a bow (Osteitis defomans) - chronic, metabolic disease where overgrowth of new bone is faster than old bone is broken down, causing bowing.

48
Q

de Quervain’s Disease

A

Tendonitis of the thumb based on repetitive use.

49
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

Bunion

50
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease - wearing out of articular cartilage. Affects local joints, not systemic

51
Q

Ganglion Cyst

A

Fluid-filled benign tumor develops on the tendon sheath in wrist

52
Q

Tetanus

A

Acute, infectious life-threatening disease, caused by bacterial toxin

53
Q

Neoplasms

A

New cell formation, metastasizing from prostate, thyroid, testes, breast, lungs, kidneys (PT Barnum Loves Kids)

02A - Medical Diseases (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions