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02A - Medical Diseases > Inflammation and Infection Review > Flashcards

Inflammation and Infection Review Flashcards

0
Q

Tissue injury = ______________

A

Damage occurs

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0
Q

Histamine release causes ____________

A

Vasodilation

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1
Q

Tissue injury = ______________

A

Damage occurs

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2
Q

Vasodilation causes __________ and ____________

A

Redness, heat

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2
Q

Vasodilation causes __________ and ____________

A

Redness, heat

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3
Q

Chemotaxis = chemical release causes cells to ________

A

Move

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3
Q

Chemotaxis = chemical release causes cells to ________

A

Move

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4
Q

Vasodilation causes ___________ which accumulates as _________

A

Leakage of fluid, edema

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4
Q

Vasodilation causes ___________ which accumulates as _________

A

Leakage of fluid, edema

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5
Q

The following WBC arrive in this order to clean up _________, _________ and _________.

A

Microorganisms, foreign material, dead cells

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5
Q

The following WBC arrive in this order to clean up _________, _________ and _________.

A

Microorganisms, foreign material, dead cells

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6
Q

_____________

Dead ___________ collectively are called _______.

A

Neutrophils, neutrophils, pus

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7
Q

2nd WBC

A

Macrophages

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7
Q

2nd WBC

A

Macrophages

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8
Q

3rd WBC

A

Lymphocytes

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8
Q

3rd WBC

A

Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Pain results from ____________ pressing on nerve endings.

A

Edema

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9
Q

Pain results from ____________ pressing on nerve endings.

A

Edema

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10
Q

Pain causes a pt to ___________, which results in ______________

A

Guard, loss of function

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11
Q

Inflammation and infection are both ___________.

A

Immune responses

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12
Q

Bacterial invasion occurs with __________, but not with ____________.

A

Infection, inflammation

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12
Q

Bacterial invasion occurs with __________, but not with ____________.

A

Infection, inflammation

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13
Q

Antibiotics are effective for treating ____________, but not __________.

A

Bacteria, viruses

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14
Q

Antibiotics are effective for treating ____________, but not __________.

A

Bacteria, viruses

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15
Infection "Nutshell"
- Organism INVADES host - Develop PARASITIC relation with host - Microorganism invades and MULTIPLIES - Host develops IMMUNE RESPONSE with s/s
16
Chain of Transmission
- MICROORGANISM: bateria, pathogen, virus - HUMAN, animal, inanimate OBJECT - Exit through BLOOD, INTESTINAL TRACT, RESPIRATORY TRACT, SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANE, OPEN LESIONS, excretions, tears, semen - Transmission through AIRBORNE, DROPLETS, DIRECT CONTACT - Entry through NON-INTACT SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANE, BLOOD, INHALATION, INGESTION, percutaeous injection
17
Categories of Precautions
Standard, Transmission-based
18
Standard precautions (Basic Elements)
Handwashing | PPE (Gloves, Gowns, Mask or Goggles)
19
Airborne Precautions
- Private room with monitored air pressure (Air 6-12 change regularly) - Respiratory protection worn when enter toom - Room door remains closed, patient wears mask
20
Droplet Precautions
- Private room and door remain closed - Maintain 3-5 feet between pt and others - Wear facemask when working within 3-5 feet - Limit pt transport outside of room; pt should wear mask
21
Contact Precautions
- Private Room - Wear gloves and gowns (Remove prior to leaving room) - Limit pt transport outside of the room - Do not share equipment
22
Specific immunity
Identifying invader before killing it
23
Non-specific immunity
Protecting body against all invaders
24
Purpose of inflammation response
Isolate, destroy, clean up, promote healing
25
Stages of inflammation
Tissue injury, release of chemicals, leukocyte migration, lymphocyte
26
What causes these signs? Redness & heat, Edema, Pain, Loss of function
Redness, heat: Release of chemicals Edema: Leukocyte migration Pain: Pressure on nerve endings Loss of function: Guarding
27
A scab over a superficial skin abrasion is an example of what kind of exudates?
Fibrinious
28
Purulent exudates is (made up of):
Dead neutrophils, debris, bacteria)
29
Necrotic tissue that is hard, black or brown, leathery
Eschar
30
Interventions PTs and PTAs use to promote wound healing
Debridement, dressings, e-stim, ultrasound, whirlpool, pulsatile lavage, wound vac, short wave diathermy, ultraviolet radiation
31
Debridement
Washing or cutting necrotic tissue to allow healing
32
Types of debridement
Mechanical, Sharp (scissors, scalpel), Chemical, Autolytic (Occlusive dressing)
33
Three types of infection
Normal flora - Normal bacteria exist around us, but do not cause illness Pathogen - Microorganisms that produce disease Opportunistic infection - Normal flora become pathogenic because they take the opportunity to cause infection in the host
34
Three transmission-based precautions
Airborne - Droplets in air or dust particles Droplet - Mucous membranes Contact - Direct touching contact
35
Antibody
Immunoglobulins
36
Hepatitis is what type of immunity?
Active artificial (acquired) immunity
37
Two primary organs of the immune system
Thymus, Bone marrow
38
Two secondary organs of the immune system
Spleen, Liver
39
Three types of lymphocytes
T-Cells, B-Cells, Plasma Cells
40
Cells that act on local tissue where infection is detected
T-Cells, Destroy microorganisms
41
Cells that act on distant tissue where infection is detected
B-Cells, Make antibodies to destroy and remember antigens
42
Allergic Rhinitis
Hay Fever
43
Asthma physiological response
Bronchospasms
44
Vascular, systemic response of the skin
Urticaria (Hives)
45
Localized skin response
Contact dermatitis
46
Symptoms of anaphylaxis
Mild - Itching, swelling, hives | Severe - Itching, swelling of airway, BP drop, drop in body temperature, loss of consciousness
47
Treatment for anaphylaxis
Epinephrine injector, antihistamines, steroid, avoidance
48
Cause of autoimmune disorders
Idiopathic (unknown)
49
Rheumatic fever
Affects the heart, joints and skin - group of bacteria protein resembles protein of heart and other connective tissues so body forms antibodies to attack those tissues and end up attacking real heart/connective tissues
50
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammation of connective tissue (primarily joint) - Synovial inflammation, pain, stiffness, ankyosis, collagen, nodule formation in heart, eyes
51
Myasthenia Gravis
Structure - neuromuscular junction Symptoms - weakness, fatigue, can affect eyes, muscles of mastication Neurotransmitter - acetylcholine (too little)
52
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Viral infection alters body's carbohydrate and super metabolism, so body fails to produce insulin
53
Lupus
Sign - Facial butterfly rash Mechanism - B-lymphocytes produce antibodies that attack cell's DNA & RNA Test - Antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
54
Scleroderma
Chronic hardening and thickening of connective tissue, including skin
55
Exercise considerations of chronic fatigue syndrome
PT should have controlled exercise to prevent deconditioning, atrophy, educate to prevent overexertion
56
Compare fibromyalgia and myofascial pain
Fibromyalgia is systemic pain at 11 of 18 pts, Myofascial pain is localized, referred pain
57
Blood Type Universal Donor? Recipient
``` Donor = Type O Recipient = Type AB ```
58
What happens if wrong blood type is transfused?
Microthrombi, antibodies attack and break down the donor RBCs
59
Erthroblastosis fetalis
RH2- mother with RH1+ baby could develop antibodies that attack fetus during future pregnancies, so inject mother with antigen
60
3 mechanisms of vaccination
Dead antigen, Very weak antigen, Synthetic compound that mimics antigen

02A - Medical Diseases (12 decks)

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