Neurology Review Flashcards
Grey matter, White matter location
Cerebrum - Peripherally, Centrally
Cerebellum - Peripherally, Centrally
Spinal Cord - Centrally, Peripherally
3 general s/s of dysfunction in the nervous system
Motor - Paralysis
Sensory - Speech impairment
Cognitive - Amnesia
Photophobia
Sensitivity or aversion to light
Hydrophobia
Fear of water
Nuchal rigidity
Stiffness in the neck caused by inflammation of the meninges
Cephalgia
Headache
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges and spinal cord
Dysphasia
Difficulty speaking
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing (painful)
Symptoms of polio and post-polio
Muscle weakness, loss of energy, fatigue, myalgia
Shingles
Pattern - Itching red rash, small vesicles along a dermatome; Pain along the dermatome region
Virus - Herpes Zoster
TIA vs. CVA
TIA - stroke-like symptoms that resolve
CVA - stroke due to death of brain cells; does not resolve
2 Types of Stroke
Clot, cerebral hemorrhage
Bell’s Palsy
CN VII - Unilateral facial paralysis
S/S of Guillian-Barre Syndrome
Distal muscle weakness, tingling; begins in LE and progresses upward; severe cases affect respiratory systems
Parkinson’s Disease
Neurotransmitter - Dopamine
Structure - Basil Ganglia
S/S - Rigidity, resting tremor, pill-rolling, blank face expression, festinating gait, slow movement
ALS
S/S - Atrophy of muscles in extremities; loss of chewing, talking, swallowing, etc.
Unusual characteristics - No sensory loss, just motor; both progressive AND degenerative
What pathology can Huntington’s Chorea mimic?
Parkinson’s Disease
Chorea
Jerky movements
Dystonia
Increased muscle tone with involuntary movements
Myoclonia
Involuntary twitching
Tics
Brief, repetitive muscle spasms
Pathology of MS
Chronic, often progressive; Exacerbations and remissions
Mechanism and Characteristics of Alzheimers
Mech - Destroys neurons in cerebral cortex and replaces with plaque; progressive, degenerative
Characteristic - Memory loss for recent and distant memories
Concussion and Contusion
Concussion - mild brain injury
Contusion - bruising of brain
Hematoma (2 types)
Hematoma is a collection of blood; Two types are epidural and subdural - subdural hematoma is more common
Mechanism of Arnold-Chiari malformation
Congenital - Parts of cerebellum protrude through foramen magnum into the spinal canal - creates pressure in SC, causes blockage of CSF with skull
