Respiratory system during exercise and during recovery

Question 1

What happens to the mechanics of breathing during exercise?

Answer 1

Additional muscles involved to move rib cage more during inspiration/expiration-the higher the intensity the greater the force produced in these muscles

Question 2

What are the 2 additional muscles involved in inspiration?

Answer 2

Sternocleidomastoid

Pectoralis minor

Question 3

What are the 2 additional muscles involved in expiration?

Answer 3

Internal intercostals

Rectus abdominis

Question 4

What happens to the mechanics of breathing during recovery?

Answer 4

Rate+depth of breathing remain elevated-keeping volume of O2 breathed in and volume of CO2 breathed out high-rate and depth will return to their pre-exercise values gradually

Question 5

What is the process of inspiration?

Answer 5

Active

Question 6

What is the process of expiration?

Answer 6

Active

Question 7

What happens during inspiration (mechanics of breathing in exercise and recovery)?

Answer 7

Diaphragm+external intercostals- contract with more force
Additional muscles involved- sternocleidomastoid+pectoralis minor
Resulting in…
Diaphragm- flattens more
Rib cage moves- up and out
Volume of thoracic cavity- increases more
Pressure of air inside lungs- decreases more
Larger volume of air moves- in
So…- depth of breathing increases

Question 8

What happens during expiration (mechanics of breathing in exercise and recovery)?

Answer 8

Diaphragm+external intercostals- relax more
Additional muscles involved- internal intercostals+rectus abdominis
Resulting in…
Diaphragm- pushed further up rib cage
Rib cage moves- down and in more
Volume of thoracic cavity- decreases more
Pressure of air inside lungs- increases more
Larger volume of air moves- out
So…- rate of breathing increases

Question 9

Define respiratory control centre(RCC)-in regulation of breathing

Answer 9

Situated in the brain and controls respiration rate and depth

Question 10

Define inspiratory centre(IC)-in regulation of breathing

Answer 10

Part of the RCC that controls inspiration

Question 11

Define expiratory centre(EC)-in regulation of breathing

Answer 11

Part of the RCC that controls expiration

Question 12

Define phrenic nerve-in regulation of breathing

Answer 12

Nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract

Question 13

Define intercostal nerve-in regulation of breathing

Answer 13

Nerve that stimulates the external intercostals to contract

Question 14

What are the 2 types of control in the regulation of breathing?

Answer 14

Chemical

Neural

Question 15

What are the 4 receptors, define them and categorise them?

Answer 15

Chemical control-
Chemoreceptors(detect decreased O2, increased acidity etc)
Neural control-
Baroreceptors(detect increased blood pressure)
Proprioceptors(detect increased muscle activity)
Thermoreceptors(detect increased body temp)

Question 16

What do the 4 receptors inform?

Answer 16

RCC-which controls the IC and EC

Question 18

What is the order of regulation of breathing during rest?

Answer 18

Chemoreceptors detect decrease in CO2-baroreceptors detect decrease in blood pressure-proprioceptors detect decrease in muscle activity
Info sent to RCC-the process during exercise is gradually reversed

Question 19

What is the order of regulation of breathing during exercise?

Answer 19

IC-increases stimulation of phrenic nerve, diaphragm contracts with more force-increases stimulation of intercostal nerve, external intercostals contact with more force-stimulates muscles to contract(sternocleidomastoid+pectoralis minor)-increases volume of thoracic cavity, decreases pressure in lungs more than at rest-more air rushes in, increasing depth of breathing-baroreceptors between ribs monitor stretch of lungs, when threshold reached expiratory system becomes active, so more muscles producing faster and greater expiration(HERING-BREUER REFLEX)…
EC-stimulates muscles to contract(internal intercostals+rectus abdominis)-decreases volume of thoracic cavity, increases pressure in lungs more than at rest-more air rushes out, increasing rate of breathing