Respiratory system during exercise and during recovery Flashcards
What happens to the mechanics of breathing during exercise?
Additional muscles involved to move rib cage more during inspiration/expiration-the higher the intensity the greater the force produced in these muscles
What are the 2 additional muscles involved in inspiration?
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis minor
What are the 2 additional muscles involved in expiration?
Internal intercostals
Rectus abdominis
What happens to the mechanics of breathing during recovery?
Rate+depth of breathing remain elevated-keeping volume of O2 breathed in and volume of CO2 breathed out high-rate and depth will return to their pre-exercise values gradually
What is the process of inspiration?
Active
What is the process of expiration?
Active
What happens during inspiration (mechanics of breathing in exercise and recovery)?
Diaphragm+external intercostals- contract with more force
Additional muscles involved- sternocleidomastoid+pectoralis minor
Resulting in…
Diaphragm- flattens more
Rib cage moves- up and out
Volume of thoracic cavity- increases more
Pressure of air inside lungs- decreases more
Larger volume of air moves- in
So…- depth of breathing increases
What happens during expiration (mechanics of breathing in exercise and recovery)?
Diaphragm+external intercostals- relax more
Additional muscles involved- internal intercostals+rectus abdominis
Resulting in…
Diaphragm- pushed further up rib cage
Rib cage moves- down and in more
Volume of thoracic cavity- decreases more
Pressure of air inside lungs- increases more
Larger volume of air moves- out
So…- rate of breathing increases
Define respiratory control centre(RCC)-in regulation of breathing
Situated in the brain and controls respiration rate and depth
Define inspiratory centre(IC)-in regulation of breathing
Part of the RCC that controls inspiration
Define expiratory centre(EC)-in regulation of breathing
Part of the RCC that controls expiration
Define phrenic nerve-in regulation of breathing
Nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract
Define intercostal nerve-in regulation of breathing
Nerve that stimulates the external intercostals to contract
What are the 2 types of control in the regulation of breathing?
Chemical
Neural
What are the 4 receptors, define them and categorise them?
Chemical control-
Chemoreceptors(detect decreased O2, increased acidity etc)
Neural control-
Baroreceptors(detect increased blood pressure)
Proprioceptors(detect increased muscle activity)
Thermoreceptors(detect increased body temp)
What do the 4 receptors inform?
RCC-which controls the IC and EC
What is the order of regulation of breathing during rest?
Chemoreceptors detect decrease in CO2-baroreceptors detect decrease in blood pressure-proprioceptors detect decrease in muscle activity
Info sent to RCC-the process during exercise is gradually reversed
What is the order of regulation of breathing during exercise?
IC-increases stimulation of phrenic nerve, diaphragm contracts with more force-increases stimulation of intercostal nerve, external intercostals contact with more force-stimulates muscles to contract(sternocleidomastoid+pectoralis minor)-increases volume of thoracic cavity, decreases pressure in lungs more than at rest-more air rushes in, increasing depth of breathing-baroreceptors between ribs monitor stretch of lungs, when threshold reached expiratory system becomes active, so more muscles producing faster and greater expiration(HERING-BREUER REFLEX)…
EC-stimulates muscles to contract(internal intercostals+rectus abdominis)-decreases volume of thoracic cavity, increases pressure in lungs more than at rest-more air rushes out, increasing rate of breathing
