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PE-Miss Henderson/Mr Cole > Joints, Movements, Muscles-overview > Flashcards

Joints, Movements, Muscles-overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 joint types?

A

Ball and socket
Hinge
Condyloid

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2
Q

What is the ball and socket joint?

A

The rounded end of one bone fits into a cup like end of the other bone

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3
Q

What is the hinge joint?

A

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other bone

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4
Q

What is the condyloid joint?

A

Similar to ball and socket but the curved surfaces are much flatter

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5
Q

What position is the sagittal plane?

+body movement

A

Divides body left and right

Forwards and backwards

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6
Q

What position is the transverse plane?

+body movement

A

Divides body top and bottom

Rotational

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7
Q

What position is the frontal plane?

+body movement

A

Divides body front and back

Right and left lateral

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8
Q

What are the planes of movement for ball and socket joints?

A

Frontal
Transverse
Sagittal

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9
Q

What are the planes of movement for hinge joints?

A

Sagittal

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10
Q

What are the planes of movement for a condyloid joint?

A

Frontal

Sagittal

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11
Q

Examples of ball and socket joints

A

Shoulder

Hip

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12
Q

Examples of hinge joints

A

Elbow
Knee
Ankle

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13
Q

Example of a condyloid joint

A

Wrist

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14
Q

What is flexion?

A

Decreasing of an angle at a joint

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15
Q

What is extension?

A

The increasing of an angle at a joint

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16
Q

What is abduction?

A

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

What is adduction?

A

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

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18
Q

What is horizontal flexion?

A

Moving a limb parallel to the ground forwards

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19
Q

What is horizontal extension?

A

Moving a limb parallel to the ground backwards

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20
Q

What is medial rotation?

A

Moving a limb about its longitudinal axis towards the midline of the body

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21
Q

What is lateral rotation?

A

Moving a limb about its longitudinal axis away from the midline of the body

22
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Moving a limb to describe a cone shape

23
Q

What is dorsi flexion?

A

Lifting the toes towards the shin

24
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Pointing the toes towards the ground

28
Q

How many antagonistic muscle pairs are there?

A

9

29
Q

What are the 3 antagonistic muscle pairs of the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior deltoid + Posterior deltoid
Medial deltoid + Latissimus dorsi
Pectorialis major + Teres minor

30
Q

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the elbow joint?

A

Bicep brachii + Tricep brachii

31
Q

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the wrist joint?

A

Wrist flexors + Wrist extensors

32
Q

Define agonist

A

Muscle responsible for movement at joint

33
Q

Define antagonist

A

Muscle lengthening/relaxing as agonist contracts-opposite action

34
Q

Define fixator

A

Muscle stabilising joint where the origin of agonist sits

35
Q

What are the 2 antagonistic muscle pairs of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas + Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius/minimus + Adductor longus/brevis/magnus

36
Q

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the knee joint?

A

(Hamstring group + Quadriceps group)

Biceps femoris + Rectus femoris

37
Q

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the ankle joint?

A

Tibialis anterior + Gastrocnemius and Soleus

38
Q

What are the 7 functions of the skeleton?

A 
Support 
Protection 
Movement 
Shape
Muscle attachment 
Mineral storage 
Blood cell production
39
Q

What are the types of bones?

A

Flat bones
Long bones
Irregular bones
Short bones

40
Q

Give examples of flat bones

A

Ribs
Cranium
Pelvis

41
Q

What is the purpose of flat bones?

A

Protection

Sites for muscular attachment

42
Q

Give examples of long bones

A 
Femur 
Humerus 
Radius 
Tibia 
Phalanges
43
Q

What is the purpose of long bones?

A

Levers for movement

Sites for blood cell production

44
Q

Give examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

45
Q

What is the purpose of irregular bones?

A

Protection

46
Q

Give examples of short bones

A

Carpels

Tarsals

47
Q

What is the purpose of short bones?

A

Weight bearing

48
Q

What are tendons?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

Attaches muscle to bone

49
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Tough band of fibrous, elastic connective tissue

Attaches bone to bone

50
Q

What are the muscle contractions?

A

Isotonic-concentric+eccentric

Isometric

51
Q

Define isotonic muscle contractions

A

Muscular contraction that changes length during contraction in 2 ways concentric+eccentric

52
Q

Define concentric contraction

Example?

A

Muscular contraction-shortens-causes movement

Eg.upwards phase of bicep curl-bicep brachii concentrically contracts to lift weight to shoulder

53
Q

Define eccentric contraction

Example?

A

Muscular contraction-lengthens-controls movement
Works against gravity-acts as a break
Eg.downwards phase of bicep curl-bicep brachii eccentrically contracts to lower weight under control

54
Q

Define isometric contraction

Example?

A

Muscular contraction-stays same length while exerting a force-stops movement
Eg.plank

PE-Miss Henderson/Mr Cole (21 decks)

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