Joints, Movements, Muscles-overview

Question 1

What are the 3 joint types?

Answer 1

Ball and socket
Hinge
Condyloid

Question 2

What is the ball and socket joint?

Answer 2

The rounded end of one bone fits into a cup like end of the other bone

Question 3

What is the hinge joint?

Answer 3

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other bone

Question 4

What is the condyloid joint?

Answer 4

Similar to ball and socket but the curved surfaces are much flatter

Question 5

What position is the sagittal plane?

+body movement

Answer 5

Divides body left and right

Forwards and backwards

Question 6

What position is the transverse plane?

+body movement

Answer 6

Divides body top and bottom

Rotational

Question 7

What position is the frontal plane?

+body movement

Answer 7

Divides body front and back

Right and left lateral

Question 8

What are the planes of movement for ball and socket joints?

Answer 8

Frontal
Transverse
Sagittal

Question 9

What are the planes of movement for hinge joints?

Answer 9

Sagittal

Question 10

What are the planes of movement for a condyloid joint?

Answer 10

Frontal

Sagittal

Question 11

Examples of ball and socket joints

Answer 11

Shoulder

Hip

Question 12

Examples of hinge joints

Answer 12

Elbow
Knee
Ankle

Question 13

Example of a condyloid joint

Answer 13

Wrist

Question 14

What is flexion?

Answer 14

Decreasing of an angle at a joint

Question 15

What is extension?

Answer 15

The increasing of an angle at a joint

Question 16

What is abduction?

Answer 16

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 17

What is adduction?

Answer 17

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

Question 18

What is horizontal flexion?

Answer 18

Moving a limb parallel to the ground forwards

Question 19

What is horizontal extension?

Answer 19

Moving a limb parallel to the ground backwards

Question 20

What is medial rotation?

Answer 20

Moving a limb about its longitudinal axis towards the midline of the body

Question 21

What is lateral rotation?

Answer 21

Moving a limb about its longitudinal axis away from the midline of the body

Question 22

What is circumduction?

Answer 22

Moving a limb to describe a cone shape

Question 23

What is dorsi flexion?

Answer 23

Lifting the toes towards the shin

Question 24

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 24

Pointing the toes towards the ground

Question 28

How many antagonistic muscle pairs are there?

Answer 28

9

Question 29

What are the 3 antagonistic muscle pairs of the shoulder joint?

Answer 29

Anterior deltoid + Posterior deltoid Medial deltoid + Latissimus dorsi Pectorialis major + Teres minor

Question 30

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the elbow joint?

Answer 30

Bicep brachii + Tricep brachii

Question 31

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the wrist joint?

Answer 31

Wrist flexors + Wrist extensors

Question 32

Define agonist

Answer 32

Muscle responsible for movement at joint

Question 33

Define antagonist

Answer 33

Muscle lengthening/relaxing as agonist contracts-opposite action

Question 34

Define fixator

Answer 34

Muscle stabilising joint where the origin of agonist sits

Question 35

What are the 2 antagonistic muscle pairs of the hip joint?

Answer 35

Iliopsoas + Gluteus maximus | Gluteus medius/minimus + Adductor longus/brevis/magnus

Question 36

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the knee joint?

Answer 36

(Hamstring group + Quadriceps group) | Biceps femoris + Rectus femoris

Question 37

What is the 1 antagonistic muscle pair of the ankle joint?

Answer 37

Tibialis anterior + Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Question 38

What are the 7 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 38

``` Support Protection Movement Shape Muscle attachment Mineral storage Blood cell production ```

Question 39

What are the types of bones?

Answer 39

Flat bones Long bones Irregular bones Short bones

Question 40

Give examples of flat bones

Answer 40

Ribs Cranium Pelvis

Question 41

What is the purpose of flat bones?

Answer 41

Protection | Sites for muscular attachment

Question 42

Give examples of long bones

Answer 42

``` Femur Humerus Radius Tibia Phalanges ```

Question 43

What is the purpose of long bones?

Answer 43

Levers for movement | Sites for blood cell production

Question 44

Give examples of irregular bones

Answer 44

Vertebrae

Question 45

What is the purpose of irregular bones?

Answer 45

Protection

Question 46

Give examples of short bones

Answer 46

Carpels | Tarsals

Question 47

What is the purpose of short bones?

Answer 47

Weight bearing

Question 48

What are tendons?

Answer 48

Fibrous connective tissue | Attaches muscle to bone

Question 49

What are ligaments?

Answer 49

Tough band of fibrous, elastic connective tissue | Attaches bone to bone

Question 50

What are the muscle contractions?

Answer 50

Isotonic-concentric+eccentric | Isometric

Question 51

Define isotonic muscle contractions

Answer 51

Muscular contraction that changes length during contraction in 2 ways concentric+eccentric

Question 52

Define concentric contraction | Example?

Answer 52

Muscular contraction-shortens-causes movement | Eg.upwards phase of bicep curl-bicep brachii concentrically contracts to lift weight to shoulder

Question 53

Define eccentric contraction | Example?

Answer 53

Muscular contraction-lengthens-controls movement Works against gravity-acts as a break Eg.downwards phase of bicep curl-bicep brachii eccentrically contracts to lower weight under control

Question 54

Define isometric contraction | Example?

Answer 54

Muscular contraction-stays same length while exerting a force-stops movement Eg.plank