Respiratory system at rest

Question 1

Define respiration

Answer 1

Process involving the supplying of O2 to the body and disposing of CO2

Question 2

What are the 2 main functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Pulmonary ventilation-inspiration/expiration

Gaseous exchange- internal/external respiration

Question 3

What are the 3 processes of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Mechanics of breathing
External respiration
Internal respiration

Question 4

What is the mechanics of breathing?

Answer 4

Movement of air into(inspiration)and out of(expiration)the lungs

Question 5

What is external respiration?

Answer 5

Gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2 that occurs at the lungs between the alveoli and the blood

Question 6

What is internal respiration?

Answer 6

Gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2 that occurs at the muscles between the blood and the muscles

Question 7

Between external respiration and internal respiration, how does the respiratory system rely on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 7

CA system transports O2 from the lungs to the muscles and CO2 from the muscles to the lungs

Question 8

How is O2 transported in the blood? (45% cells, 55% plasma)

Answer 8

1. Combined with haemoglobin
2. As oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2)-97%
3. Dissolved in blood plasma-3%

Question 9

How is CO2 transported in the blood?

Answer 9

1. Combined with haemoglobin
2. As carbaminohaemoglobin- 23%
3. Dissolved in blood plasma-7%
4. Dissolved in water as carbonic acid-70%

Question 10

What is the passage of air into the lungs?

Answer 10

Nose
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Trachea
Bronchi 
Alveoli

Question 11

What are the 2 parts of mechanics of breathing at rest?

Answer 11

Inspiration-active(contraction of muscles)

Expiration-passive(relaxing of muscles)

Question 12

What happens during inspiration (mechanics of breathing at rest)?

Answer 12

Diaphragm+external intercostals- contracts and flattens
Rib cage moves- up and out
Volume of thoracic cavity- increases
Pressure of air inside lungs- decreases (below atmospherical pressure)
Air rushes- into the lungs

Question 13

What happens during expiration (mechanics of breathing at rest)?

Answer 13

Diaphragm+external intercostals- relaxes and domes
Rib cage moves- in and down
Volume of thoracic cavity- decreases
Pressure of air inside lungs- increases (below atmospherical pressure)
Air rushes- out of the lungs

Question 14

What are the 2 muscles involved in the mechanics of breathing at rest?

Answer 14

External intercostals

Diaphragm

Question 15

Define gaseous exchange?-external and internal respiration at rest

Answer 15

Movement of O2/CO2 at the lungs and muscles by diffusion

Question 16

Define diffusion?-external and internal respiration at rest

Answer 16

Movement of a gas down a diffusion gradient from an area of high partial pressure to low partial pressure

Question 17

Define diffusion gradient?-external and internal respiration at rest

Answer 17

Difference between areas of high pp and low pp- like a slide

Question 18

Define partial pressure(pp)?-external and internal respiration at rest

Answer 18

The pressure a gas exerts within a mixture of gases

Question 19

Where does external respiration occur?

Between what?

Answer 19

Lungs

Between alveoli and blood

Question 20

Where does internal respiration occur?

Between what?

Answer 20

Muscles

Blood and muscles

Question 21

What is the movement of O2 in external respiration?

Answer 21

From alveoli to blood

Question 22

What is the movement of CO2 in external respiration?

Answer 22

From blood to alveoli

Question 23

What is the movement of O2 in internal respiration?

Answer 23

From blood to muscles

Question 24

What is the movement of CO2 in internal respiration?

Answer 24

From muscles to blood

Question 25

How does O2 move in external respiration?

Answer 25

There’s a higher ppO2 in the alveoli than the blood-so O2 travels down the diffusion gradient into the blood

Question 26

How does CO2 move in external respiration?

Answer 26

There’s a higher ppCO2 in the blood than the alveoli-so CO2 travels down the diffusion gradient into the alveoli

Question 27

How does O2 move in internal respiration?

Answer 27

There’s a higher ppO2 in the blood than the muscles-so O2 travels down the diffusion gradient into the muscles

Question 28

How does CO2 move in internal respiration?

Answer 28

There’s a higher ppCO2 in the muscles than the blood-so CO2 travels down the diffusion gradient into the blood

Question 29

Define breathing frequency (f)

Answer 29

No.of breaths per minute

-breaths/min

Question 30

Define tidal volume (TV)

Answer 30

Volume of air inspired or expired per breath

-ml

Question 31

Define minute ventilation (VE)

Answer 31

Volume of air inspired or expired per minute

-L/min

Question 32

What is the equation for minute ventilation (VE)?

Answer 32

VE = TV x f

Question 33

What is the average value at rest of breathing frequency?

Answer 33

12 breaths per min

Question 34

What is the average value at rest of breathing frequency for an endurance athlete?

Answer 34

10 breaths per min

Question 35

What is the average value at rest of tidal volume?

Answer 35

0.5l

Question 36

What is the average value at rest of tidal volume for an endurance athlete?

Answer 36

0.5l

Question 37

What is the average value at rest of minute ventilation?

Answer 37

6L/min

Question 38

What is the average value at rest of minute ventilation for an endurance athlete?

Answer 38

5L/min

Question 39

What is a method of calculating f, TV, VE?

Answer 39

Spirometer-measures/records volumes of inspired or expired air, graph produced is a spirograph
Spirograph-tells us TV and f