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PHARMACOLOGY > Respiratory System Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism:

Sildenafil

Tadalafil

(-afil)

A

Pulmonary HTN drug (also treats ED):

Inhibits PDE-5 → increasing cGMP → prolonging vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)

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2
Q

Mechanism: Theophylline

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) → increasing cAMP (due to decrease cAMP hydrolysis) → bronchodilation

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3
Q

Adverse effects: Theophylline

A
  1. Cardiotoxicity
  2. Neurotoxicity

Usage limited due to narrow therapeutic index

Metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (substrate)

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4
Q

Mechanism: Albuterol

A

Short-acting beta-2 agonist:

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Used during acute exacerbation

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5
Q

Mechanism: Montelukast

A

Antileukotriene:

Block leukotriene receptors (CysLT1)

Especially good for:

  • Aspirin-induced
  • Exercise-induced asthma
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6
Q

Class: Promethazine

A

1st generation antihistmaine

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7
Q

Clinical use:

Tiotropium

Ipratropium

(-tropium)

A

Asthma

COPD

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8
Q

Class: Hydroxyzine

A

1st generation antihistmaine

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9
Q

Adverse effects:

Pseudoephedrine

Phenylephrine

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Rebound congestion if used more than 4-6 days
  3. Pseudoephedrine: CNS stimulation/anxiety
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10
Q

Clinical use:

Beclomethasone

Fluticasone

Budesonide

A

1st-line therapy for chronic asthma

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11
Q

Mechanism:

Tiotropium

Ipratropium

(-tropium)

A

Muscarinic antagonists:

Competitively block muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction

Tiotropium = long-acting

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12
Q

Class: Cetirizine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

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13
Q

Class/mechanism: Pseudoephedrine

A

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

Used as nasal decongestants

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14
Q

Clinical use: 1st generation antihistamines

A

Allergy

Motion sickness

Sleep aid

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15
Q

Mechanism of antihistamines

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors

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16
Q

Mechanism: Omalizumab

A

Anti-IgE monoclonal therapy:

Binds mostly unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FceRI

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17
Q

Mechanism: Formoterol

A

Long-acting beta-2 agonist used for asthma prophylaxis

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18
Q

Adverse effects:

Bosentan

Ambrisentan

(-sentan)

A

Hepatotoxic (monitor LFTs)

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19
Q

Class/mechanism: Phenylephrine

A

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

Used as nasal decongestants

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20
Q

Adverse effects: 1st generation antihistamines

A

Sedation

Antimuscarinic

Anti-alpha-adrenergic

21
Q

Mechanism: Zileuton

A

Antileukotriene:

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor → blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

22
Q

Class: Diphenhydramine

A

1st generation antihistamine

23
Q

Class: Desloratadine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

24
Q

Adverse effects:

Epoprostenol

Iloprost

Treprostinil

(-prost-)

A
  1. Flushing
  2. Jaw pain
25
Q

Class/action: N-acetylcysteine

A
  1. Mucolytic: Liquifies mucus in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (e.g., COPD, CF) by disrupting disulfide bonds
  2. Andidote for acetaminophone OD
26
Q

Mechanism:

Beclomethasone

Fluticasone

Budesonide

A

Inhaled corticosteroids:

Inhibits the synthesis of virtually all cytokines.

Inactivates NF-kB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory mediators.

27
Q

Mechanism:

Bosentan

Ambrisentan

(-sentan)

A

Pulmonary HTN drug:

Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors → decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance

28
Q

Class: Fexofenadine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

29
Q

Mechanism:

Epoprostenol

Iloprost

Treprostinil

(-prost-)

A

Pulmonary HTN drug:

PGI2 (prostacyclin) with direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds

Inhibits platelet aggregation

30
Q

Clinical use: 2nd generation antihistamines

31
Q

Clinical use:

Pseudoephedrine

Phenylephrine

A
  1. Reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal decongestion
  2. Open obstructed eustachian tubes
32
Q

Class/action: Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant: Thins respiratory secretions

Does not suppress cough reflex

33
Q

Bronchoconstriction is mediated by ___ and ___; thus therapy is directed at these two pathways.

A

Inflammatory process

Parasympathetic tone

34
Q

Mechanism: Zafirlukast

A

Antileukotriene:

Block leukotriene receptors (CysLT1)

Especially good for:

  • Aspirin-induced
  • Exercise-induced asthma
35
Q

Theophylline blocks bronchoconstriction effects of ___

36
Q

Mechanism:

Cromolyn

Nedocromil

A

Mast cell stabilizers

37
Q

Adverse effects:

Salmeterol

Formoterol

A
  1. Tremor
  2. Arrhythmia
38
Q

Mechanism: Methacholine

A

Nonselective muscarinic receptor (M3) agonist

Used in methacholine challenge test to help diagnose asthma

39
Q

Class/action: Dextromethorphan

A

Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors)

Synthesic codeine analog

40
Q

Adverse effects: 2nd generation antihistamines

A

Far less sedating than 1st generation
because decreased entry into CNS

41
Q

Class: Loratadine

A

2nd generation antihistamine

42
Q

Class: Chlorpheniramine

A

1st generation antihistamine

43
Q

Mechanism: Salmeterol

A

Long-acting beta-2 agonist used for asthma prophylaxis

44
Q

Adverse effects:

Beclomethasone

Fluticasone

Budesonide

A

Oral thrush

45
Q

Adverse effects: Zileuton

A

Hepatotoxic

46
Q

Clinical use: Omalizumab

A

Allergic asthma with increased IgE levels resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists

47
Q

Class: Dimenhydrinate

A

1st generation antihistamine

48
Q

Adverse effects: Dextromethorphan

A
  1. Mild opioid effect when used in excess
  2. Mild abuse potential
  3. Serotonin syndrome (if combined with other serotonergic agents)

Naloxone given in OD

PHARMACOLOGY (33 decks)

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