GI DRUGS - CLASSES/MECHANISMS Flashcards

1
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 blocker: Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors → decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells

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2
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 blocker: Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors → decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells

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3
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 blocker: Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors → decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells

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4
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 blocker: Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors → decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells

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5
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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6
Q

Lansoprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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7
Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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8
Q

Pantoprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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9
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

PPI: Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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10
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid

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11
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Antacid

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12
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

Antacid

Osmotic laxative: Provides osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

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13
Q

Bismuth

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

Require acidic environment

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14
Q

Sucralfate

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

Require acidic environment

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15
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 analog: Increase production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decrease acid production

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16
Q

Octreotide

A

Long-acting somatostatin analog: Inhibits secretion of various splanchnic vasodilatory hormones

17
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Combination:

  1. Sulfapyridine (antibacterial)
  2. 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)

Activated by colonic bacteria

18
Q

Loperamide

A

Mu-opioid receptor agonist → slows gut motility

19
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Mu-opioid receptor agonist → slows gut motility

20
Q

Meperidine

A

Mu-opioid receptor agonist → slows gut motility

21
Q

Ondansetron

A

Powerful central-acting antiemetic:

5-HT3 antagonist

Decreases vagal stimulation

22
Q

Granisetron

A

Powerful central-acting antiemetic:

5-HT3 antagonist

Decreases vagal stimulation

23
Q

Metoclopramide

A

D2 receptor antagonist:

  • Increases resting tone
  • Increases contractility
  • Increases LES tone
  • Increases motility
  • Promotes gastric emptying
24
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

D2 receptor antagonist:

  • Increases resting tone
  • Increases contractility
  • Increases LES tone
  • Increases motility
  • Promotes gastric emptying
25
Q

Orlistat

A

Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase → decreases breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

26
Q

Psyllium

A

Bulk-forming laxative: Soluble fibers that draw water into gut lumen, forming viscous liquid that promotes peristalsis

27
Q

Methylcellulose

A

Bulk-forming laxative: Soluble fibers that draw water into gut lumen, forming viscous liquid that promotes peristalsis

28
Q

Magnesium citrate

A

Osmotic laxative: Provide osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

29
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A

Osmotic laxative: Provide osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

30
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative: Provide osmotic load to draw water into GI lumen

31
Q

Lactulose

A

Stimulant laxative: Enteric nerve stimulation → colonic contraction

32
Q

Docusate

A

Emollient: Osmotic draw into lumen → increase water absorption by stool

33
Q

Aprepitant

A

Substance P antagonist → blocks NK1 receptors in brain (antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced N/V)

34
Q

Dosaprepitant

A

Substance P antagonist → blocks neurokinin- 1 (NK1) receptors in brain (antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced N/V)