Respiratory System Ch 7 Flashcards
4 basic functions of the respiratory system
respiratory
ventilation
oxygenation (removal of carbon dioxide)
serves as buffer to maintain normal acid based balance
refers to the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes, in and out of alveoli, capillaries, and cells
respiration
is the form of respiration in which oxygen molecules move across a membrane from an area of high oxygen concentration to an area of low concentration
oxygenation
is the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs
ventilation
the upper airway consists of 4 structures
nose and mouth
pharynx
nasopharynx
larynx
the lower airway consists of 4 structures
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
from the back of the nose or mouth the air enters the (WHAT), the common passageway for food and air
pharynx
air from the mouth enters through the oral portion of the pharynx or the (WHAT)?
oropharynx
air from the nose enters the nasel portion of pharynx known as?
nasopharynx
lower end the phaynx divides into two stuctures:
esophagus
trachea
esophagus leads to the ?
stomach
trachea leads to the ?
lungs
this houses vocaal chords and is superior to the trachea
larynx
“Adam’s Apple” is the anterior cartliage that covers the larynx
thyroid cartilage
most inferior part of larynx
cricoid cartilage
the trachea is protected by a small leaf shaped flap, automatically covers entrance of larynx during swallowing to keep food and liquid from entering trachea and lungs
epiglottis
the distal portion of the trachea branches into 2 main tubes one branching off to each lung these tubes are called?
bronchi
each bronchus divides and subdivides into smaller ?
bronchioles
what r bronchioles lined with?
smooth muscle
at the end of the bronchioles lay (WHAT) that hosts thousands of tiny air sacs, eached enclosed with a network of capillaries
alveoli
pricipal organs of respiration involve
lungs
a thin layer of connective tissue which covers the outer surface of the lungs are called
visceral pleura
layer of thicker more elastic tissue which covers the internal chest wall
parietal pleura
between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura is the (WHAT) cavity
pleural
this is a powerful domed shaped muscle essential for breathing that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
diaphragm
what is characterized by adequate respiratory rate and tidal volume?
adequate breathing
the number of breaths a patient takes in one minute refers to the
respiratory rate
this is the amount of air the patient breaths in and out with one regular breath
Tidal Volume
in adults what is the normal range of breaths per minute?
What is the average
8-24
12-20
Elderly bpm
children bpm
infant bpm
20-22
15-30
25-50
