Respiratory system Flashcards
In what direction are the palatine tonsils located in the oropharynx?
Laterally
What structure forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
The palate
What are two benefits of the division created by the pleurae?
Prevents the spread of infection, and prevents movement interference between major organs
What passes through the laryngopharynx?
Air and food
Reflexes like coughing and the ability of the lungs to regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels is due to what system?
The autonomic nervous system
The pharynx is continuous with what structures?
Nasal cavities
Which type of alveolar cell is highly permeable to gases?
Type I alveolar cell (pneumocyte)
How many layers in the pleura?
Two
An alveolar duct originates from what structure?
A respiratory bronchiole
Name some non-vital functions of the respiratory system (three possible answers)
Sensing odours, speech production, and straining (such as during childbirth or when coughing)
What structure branches from bronchioles?
Terminal bronchioles
Which alveolar cell roams the alveolar wall?
The alveolar macrophage, a phagocytic cell that removes debris and pathogens that reach the alveoli
What is the approximate diameter of a bronchiole?
1mm
Name the structure: hollow, air-filled spaces within certain bones of the skull
Paranasal sinuses
What type of epithelium lines the primary bronchi?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing goblet cells
How many terminal bronchioles are in each lung?
Over 1000
Each lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three ____ ____ known as nasal conchae
Bony projections
What is the anterior laryngeal prominence?
An anterior projection of cartilage often called the ‘Adam’s apple’
What is the main function of the bronchi?
To act as conducting zone structures, providing a passageway for air to move into and out of each lung (as well as the mucous membrane trapping debris and pathogens)
What is the function of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing goblet cells?
To produce mucous to trap debris and pathgens as they enter the trachea
What is the pharynx formed of?
Skeletal muscle and mucous membrane
What is the effect of the adhesive characteristic of the pleural fluid?
It causes the lungs to enlarge when the thoracic wall expands during ventilation, allowing the lungs to fill with air
What is a type I alveolar cell?
A squamous epithelial cell of the alveoli, ~25nm thick, highly permeable to gases
The frontal sinus is located within the ____ ____
Frontal bone (just superior to the eyebrows)