Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiration
The exchange of gasses between the atmosphere, blood and cells
3 processes for respiration to occur
Ventilation( breathing )
External ( pulmonary) move gas from blood to lungs
Internal ( tissue) from tissue to blood
Components of respiratory system ( Structurally )
2 parts
- Upper respiratory
- Lower respiratory
Components of respiratory system
Functionally
2 parts
- conducting: nose all the way to alveli
- respiratory: exchange of gasses; alveli
Upper Respiratory consists
Nose, Pharynx, and associated structures
Lower Respiratory consists
Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi and lungs
Nose external Portion
Made up of cartilage and skin is lined with mucous membrane
Bone only located at top then rest of nose is cartilage
Epiglotis
Closed when swallowing food and open when breathing or talking
Vocal cords
Above the trachea
Valecula
Where you insert instrument through trachea to help with breathing etc.
Nose Framework
Formed by the frontal, nasal and maxillary bones
Pharynx and regions
Functions as a pathway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds and houses the tonsils which participate in immunological reactions against foreign invaders Regions include : Nasopharynx Oropharynx: Larynogopharynx
Larynx
The voice box
a Passage that connects the pharynx and trachea
Trachea
Extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi
Consists of cartilage and the esophagus, lined with muscle.
Main muscle is the Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Bronchi
Trachea branches onto the right bronchi and the left
The right is straighter then the left that is horizontal
Bronchi branching
The primary bronchi divides further to form smaller and smaller branches
Trachea-Main Brochi-Lobar bronchi-Segmental bronchi-Bronchioles-Terminal bronchioles
( will subdivide 21 times before they branch to alveoli)
Lungs
Paired organs in the thoracic cavity
Enclosed and protected by the pleural membrane
Right lung
Contains Apex. superior lobe, Oblique fissure, Inferior fissure, Horizonatal fissure, middle lobe, hilum and base
Left lung
Contains Apex, Superior lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe, cardiac notch , Hilum and base
Alveoli
“air sacs”
Once the conduction zone ends, the respiratory zone begins
Terminates at the alveoli
Consists of single
Alveolus
Two types
Type I: Basic structure, walls
Type II: Cell that produced surfactant, soapy lipid, secretion that prevents walls from sticking together
Avelo Macrophage: antigen cells, phagocytic, presents antigens, clears up gunk that accumulates in lungs ( if your a smoker they’re working 2x harder )
Respiratory Membrane
Composed of
Layer of type I and type II alveolar cells( constitutes the alveolar wall)
Epithelial basement membrane ( underlies the alveolar wall)
Capillary basement membrane( fused to the epithelial basement membrane)
Capillary endothelium