Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P II > Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Adult body fluid

A

Women contain 45% solids and 55% fluids
Males contain 40% solids and 60% fluids

2/3 is intercellular fluids
1/3 is extracellular fluids of that
80% is interstitial fluid and 20% is in the plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plamsa Membrane

A

Separates cells from interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood Vessele walls

A

Divide interstitial fluid from blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Capillary walls

A

Thin enough to allow exchange of water and solutes between blood plasma and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Filtration, Reabsorption, Diffusion and Osmosis

A

Allow the continuous exchange of water and solutes among body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the body gain water?

A

By ingestion and metabolic synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the body lose water?

A

Through urination, perspiration, exhalation and feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water gain volume

A

200mL is from water
700mL is from ingested foods
1600 mL is from ingested liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Water loss volume

A

100mL is from GI tract
600mL is from skin
1500mL is from the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aerobic respiration and metabolic water

A

The level if AR determines the volume of MW fromed
The amount of water formed is directly proportional to the amount of ATP produced

When water loss is greater than water gain then dehydration occurs leading to thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does elimination of excess body waters occur

A

Through urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two main solutes in urine

A

Sodium ions ( Na+ ) and Chloride Iona ( CI-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Urinary salt loss

A

Water follows salt, wherever sodium chloride moves to, WATER WILL FOLLOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Increased blood volume pathway

A

If you increase sodium chloride, plasma concentration increases. When this happens you move water from intercellular flies into the plasma, increasing the blood volume, and this increases the stretching of heart muscle.
Causing increase release of atrial natriuretic peptide.
This will result in the decrease reabsorption of sodium chloride and greater loss of sodium in the urine.
Resulting in increased water loss In urine
Leading to decrease in blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

major hormones controlling renal sodium chloride. ( Na+ and CI- )

A

Angiotensin II ; stimulates release of aldosterone
Aldosterone : Increase sodium reabsorption
Atrial Natriuretic peptide: Greater glomerular filtration rate and greater loss of sodium chloride in water

Major hormone regulating water loss is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Water intoxication

A

Occurs when excess body water causes cells to swell dangerously
Occurs when a person consumes water faster then the kidneys can excrete it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ions formed when Electrolytes disassociate and dissolve

A

Control osmosis of water between fluid compartments
Help maintain the acid-base balance
Carry electrical current
Serve cofactors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What has different concentrations of electrolytes and protien ions

A

Blood plasma= contains many protien ions , Interstitial fluid= contain few protien ions and intracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Concentration of ions is expressed in units

A

milliequivalent per liter

( mEq/liter )

20
Q

Sodium Electrolyte

A

Most important cation in extracellular fluid

Used for impulse transmission, muscle contraction, fluid and electrolyte balance

21
Q

Chloride Electrolyte

A

Most important anion in extracellular fluids
Helps regulate osmotic pressure between compartments
Forms HCI in the stomach
Regulates CI- balance controlled by aldosterone

22
Q

Potassium Electrolyte

A

Most important cation in Intracellular fluid
Involved in fluid volume, impulse conduction, muscle contraction and regulating pH
Aldosterone regulates plasma level

23
Q

Bicarbonate Electrolyte

A

Second most common anion in intracellular fluid
Major member of the plasma acid-base buffer system, most important buffer system
Kidneys reabsorb or secrete it for final acid-base balance

24
Q

Calcium Electrolyte

A

Most abundant ion in the body
Mostly concentrated in extracellular then in intracellular, always moving inward into the cell

structural component of bones and teeth
Used for blood coagulation, neurotransmitters release, muscle tone, excitability of nerves and muscles
Level in plasma regulated by parathyroid hormone

25
Q

Phosphate Electrolyte

A

Very common anion common in the buffering system, intrecelluarly
Occurs as calcium phosphate salt
Regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitriol

26
Q

Magnesium Electrolyte

A

Most common in intracellular fluids
so an intercellular cation
Activates enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protien metabolism
Used in myocardial function, transmission in the CNS and operation of the sodium pump

27
Q

pH of arterial blood

A 
Ranges form 7.35 to 7.45 
Maintained by several mechanisms
-buffer systems
-exhalation of carbon dioxide
-kidney excretion of H+
28
Q

Buffer system includes

A

Protien buffer system: most abundant in intracellular fluid and blood plasma.

29
Q

Sodium causes

A

136- 148

Hyponatremia: low sodium Hypernatremia: increased sodium or dehydration

30
Q

Potassium causes

A

3.5-5.0

Hypokalemia:excess loss & Hyperkalemia: excessive potassium intake

31
Q

Calcium causes

A

9.0 -10.5 mg/l

Hypocalcemia: & Hypercalcemia

32
Q

When pH rise and falls in protien buffer system

A

Rises, COOH group disassociates to act like an acid

falls: The free amino group acid disassociates to act like a base

33
Q

Hemoglobin

A

RBC acts as a buffer

34
Q

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

A

Based on the bicarbonate ion which acts as a weak base, and carbonic acid which acts as a weak base

35
Q

If pH rises and falls in carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

A

falls; the HCO3- removes excess H+

rises: H2CO3 can provide H+

36
Q

Phosphate buffer system

A

Between dishydrogen phosphate and mono hydrogen phosphate systems
important within cell

37
Q

Exhalation of carbon dioxide

A

CO2 mixes with water in the blood to form carbonic acid.
Leads to less acid production and rise in pH
with increased exhalation of CO2 pH rises, decreases, pH falls

38
Q

Kidney secretion of H+

A

removes nonvolatile acids.
Proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys secrete H+ into the tubular fluid, removing it from the blood

39
Q

Acidosis

A

blood pH is below 7.351

40
Q

Alkalosis

A

blood pH is above 7.45

41
Q

Respiratory acidosos

A

blood pH drops due to excessive retention go CO2 leading to excess H2CO3

42
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

blood pH rises due to excessive loss of CO2, hyperventilation

43
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Too much acid in blood

Arterial blood levels of HCO3( bicarb) falls

44
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Arterial blood levels of HCO3 rises

45
Q

Dehydration and hypernatremia

A

Inadequate fluid intake, loss of more water than Na+

46
Q

Hypokalemia

A

chronic use of laxatives, drugs that cause K+ loss

A&P II (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions