Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

humans have 23 pairs

One pair from the father one from the mother

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2
Q

Genotype

A

Actual genetic makeup relating to a trait

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3
Q

Dominant allele

A

Dominate charactic

Uppercase letter

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4
Q

Recessive allele

A

presence is completely maskes

lowercase letter

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5
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical expression of the genotype

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6
Q

inheritance abnormalities occur when ?

A

Meiosis errors

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7
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Error in cell division resulting in abnormal number of chromosomes

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8
Q

Aneuploid

A

Chromosomes added or missing

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9
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

Most inherited traits not controlled by one gene

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10
Q

Complex inheritance

A

combined effects of many genes and environmental factors aka skin color, hair color, height, metabolism rate, body build
so even if someone inherits tall gene, full height can only be reached with nutrition ( environmental factor)

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11
Q

Skin color

A

Depends in environmental conditions aka sun exposure and nutrition
3 genes and environment produces actual skin color

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12
Q

Karyotype

A
shows 46 chromosomes
arranged in pairs by size and position
22 pairs are autosomes 
23rd pair are the sec chromosome
XX=female XY=male
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13
Q

Sex determination

A

Males produce sperm carrying an X or Y
Females only produce eggs that carry an X
Sex is determines by which letter, X or Y, the sperm is carrying
At week 7, embryos initiate gender pattern of development

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