Immunity System Flashcards

1
Q

Non specific Resistence

A

aka Innate Immunity
Present at birth and includes:
Defense mechanisisms:provide general protection against invasion by a wide range of pathogens

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2
Q

Immunity

A

aka Adaptive Immunity

Involves activation og specific lymphocytes that combat a particular pathogen or other foreign substance

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3
Q

What body system carries out immune responses ?

A

The Lymphatic System

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4
Q

What is the Lymphatic System

A

Consists of several structres and organs that contain lymphatic tissue, bone marrow, and fluid called lymph
( flows within lymphatic vessels )

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5
Q

Components of Lymphatic System

A
Paltine tonsils
Submandibular nods
Cervucal node
Right/Left internal jugular vein
Right lymphatic duct
Right/Left subclavian vein
Lymphatic vessel
Thoracic duct
Cisterna chyil
Intensinal node
LArge intestine
Appendix
Red bone marrow
Axillary node
Spleen
Peyers patch
Small intestine 
Illiac node
Inguinal node
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6
Q

Functions of the Lymphatic

A

Drain interstitual fluids
Transport dietry fats
Carry out immune responses

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7
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

begin as lymphatic capillaries

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8
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Located betweeen cells of many tissues

Merge to form lymphatic vessels, which have thin walls and many valves

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9
Q

Lymph trunks and ducts

A

From the lymphatic vessels, lymoh passes through lymph nodes and then into lymph trunks
Trunks then merge to form either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct

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10
Q

Lymph trunks Includes

A

the lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian and jugular trunks

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11
Q

Flow of Lymph

A

Blood plasma is filtered from blood capillaries into intersitial spaces to become INTERSTITAL FLUId
then LYMPH CAPILLARIES absorb the fluid and pass lymph to afferent lymphatic vessels
AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS carry lymph from lymphatic capillaries to lymph nodes
EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS carry lymph from lymph nodes
LYMPHATIC VESSELS pass lymph to lymphatic ducts
LYMPHATIC DUCTS empty lymph into the junction of jugular and subclavian veins of the cardiovascular system

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12
Q

Primary Lymphatic Organs

A

Organs where immune cells become immunocompetent

  • red bone marrow
  • thymus
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13
Q

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

A

Lymoh nodes
Spleen
Lymohatic nodules

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14
Q

Lymphatic Nodules

A

Masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule
Scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes lining the gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive tracts and the respiratory airways
Also referred to as mucos-associated lymphatic tissue

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15
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Referes to a wide variety of body responses that serves to protect is against invasion of a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins

We are born with this immunity
Two lines of defense are
Skin and mucous membranes and Internal defenses

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16
Q

Skin and mucous membranes

Mechanical and Chemical defenses

A

Mechanical defenses
skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, mucus, cilia, epiglottis, urine flow, defecating and vomiting
Checmical defenses
Sebum, lysozyme, gastric juice

17
Q

Internal Defenses

A
Antimicrobial protiens
Phagocytes
Natural Killer Cells
Inflammation
Fever
18
Q

Phases of phagocytosis

A
  1. Chemotaxis
  2. Adherence
  3. Ingestine
  4. Digestion
  5. Killing
19
Q

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

A

Redness:caused by dilation of arterioles/increased blood flow
Heat:increased chemical activity and increased blood flow to skin surface
Swelling:caused by accumulation of blood and damaged tissue cells
Pain:direct injury of nerve fibers, pressure of hematoma, chemical irritants
Loss of Function: Increased pain/swelling

20
Q

Mast cells

A

Help link innate and adaptive immunity
Found in most tissues, especially in mucous membranes and skin
Associated with allergies but have additional functions

21
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents
Has both specificity and memory and divided into 2 types
-cell mediated
-antibody mediated

22
Q

Immunogenicity

A

The ability of a substance, antigen or epitope, to provoke an immune response

23
Q

Reactivity

A

Ability of antigen to react specifically with the antibody/cells it provokes