Immunity System Flashcards
Non specific Resistence
aka Innate Immunity
Present at birth and includes:
Defense mechanisisms:provide general protection against invasion by a wide range of pathogens
Immunity
aka Adaptive Immunity
Involves activation og specific lymphocytes that combat a particular pathogen or other foreign substance
What body system carries out immune responses ?
The Lymphatic System
What is the Lymphatic System
Consists of several structres and organs that contain lymphatic tissue, bone marrow, and fluid called lymph
( flows within lymphatic vessels )
Components of Lymphatic System
Paltine tonsils Submandibular nods Cervucal node Right/Left internal jugular vein Right lymphatic duct Right/Left subclavian vein Lymphatic vessel Thoracic duct Cisterna chyil Intensinal node LArge intestine Appendix Red bone marrow Axillary node Spleen Peyers patch Small intestine Illiac node Inguinal node
Functions of the Lymphatic
Drain interstitual fluids
Transport dietry fats
Carry out immune responses
Lymphatic vessels
begin as lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries
Located betweeen cells of many tissues
Merge to form lymphatic vessels, which have thin walls and many valves
Lymph trunks and ducts
From the lymphatic vessels, lymoh passes through lymph nodes and then into lymph trunks
Trunks then merge to form either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct
Lymph trunks Includes
the lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian and jugular trunks
Flow of Lymph
Blood plasma is filtered from blood capillaries into intersitial spaces to become INTERSTITAL FLUId
then LYMPH CAPILLARIES absorb the fluid and pass lymph to afferent lymphatic vessels
AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS carry lymph from lymphatic capillaries to lymph nodes
EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS carry lymph from lymph nodes
LYMPHATIC VESSELS pass lymph to lymphatic ducts
LYMPHATIC DUCTS empty lymph into the junction of jugular and subclavian veins of the cardiovascular system
Primary Lymphatic Organs
Organs where immune cells become immunocompetent
- red bone marrow
- thymus
Secondary Lymphatic Organs
Lymoh nodes
Spleen
Lymohatic nodules
Lymphatic Nodules
Masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule
Scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes lining the gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive tracts and the respiratory airways
Also referred to as mucos-associated lymphatic tissue
Innate Immunity
Referes to a wide variety of body responses that serves to protect is against invasion of a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins
We are born with this immunity
Two lines of defense are
Skin and mucous membranes and Internal defenses
Skin and mucous membranes
Mechanical and Chemical defenses
Mechanical defenses
skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, mucus, cilia, epiglottis, urine flow, defecating and vomiting
Checmical defenses
Sebum, lysozyme, gastric juice
Internal Defenses
Antimicrobial protiens Phagocytes Natural Killer Cells Inflammation Fever
Phases of phagocytosis
- Chemotaxis
- Adherence
- Ingestine
- Digestion
- Killing
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
Redness:caused by dilation of arterioles/increased blood flow
Heat:increased chemical activity and increased blood flow to skin surface
Swelling:caused by accumulation of blood and damaged tissue cells
Pain:direct injury of nerve fibers, pressure of hematoma, chemical irritants
Loss of Function: Increased pain/swelling
Mast cells
Help link innate and adaptive immunity
Found in most tissues, especially in mucous membranes and skin
Associated with allergies but have additional functions
Adaptive Immunity
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents
Has both specificity and memory and divided into 2 types
-cell mediated
-antibody mediated
Immunogenicity
The ability of a substance, antigen or epitope, to provoke an immune response
Reactivity
Ability of antigen to react specifically with the antibody/cells it provokes
