Respiratory System

Question 0

What is external respiration?

Answer 0

Exchange of gas between alveolus and blood

Question 1

What is breathing?

Answer 1

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

What is internal respiration?

Answer 2

Exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid

Question 3

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 3

Production of ATP using oxygen in the mitochondrion

Question 4

What are the functions of the pleura membrane?

Answer 4

• seals the pleural cavity
• maintains negative pressure around lungs, keeping them from collapsing
• reduces friction

Question 5

To cause inhalation, the pressure in the lungs must be ______.

Answer 5

Reduced

Question 6

To cause a reduced pressure in the lungs, the rib cage _______ while the diaphragm ________. These actions ________ the volume of the pleura cavity, which _______ the pressure there.

Answer 6

Lifts up and out
Contracts (moves down)
Increase
Decreases

Question 7

In response to decreased pressure in the chest cavity, what do the lungs do?

Answer 7

Increase volume -expand-decrease pressure= air rushing in.

Question 8

_______ in the alveolar wall send a message to the ________ to inhibit nerve impulses to the diaphragm.

Answer 8

Stretch receptors

Medulla oblongata

Question 9

At the body cells _____ diffuses into the RBC starting a series of reactions.

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide.

Question 10

What are the reactions started by CO2 entering the RBC?

Answer 10

1) CO2 + H2O –CA–> H2CO2 —> H+ + HCO3-
2) HbO2 -> Hb + O2
3) Hb + H+ –> HHb (buffer)
4) Hb + CO2 –> HbCO2

Question 11

At the lungs the reactions proceed in the opposite direction, 3 reasons why?

Answer 11

1) cooler
2) less acidic
3) more concentrated O2

Question 12

20% of carbon dioxide is carried in blood as ______, 10% as _____, and 70% as _____.

Answer 12

HbCO2
Dissolved CO2 in plasma
HCO3-

Question 13

The lungs continue to open on inhalation until_____ in the alveolar walls send an impulse to the respiratory center in the _________ inhibiting its action.

Answer 13

Stretch receptors

Medulla oblongata

Question 14

Once the medulla inhibits inhalation, the _______ relaxes and moves up and the _______ relax dropping the ______ which ______ the volume of the chest cavity

Answer 14

Diaphragm
Intercostals
Rib cage
Decreases

Question 15

When the volume of the chest cavity decreases, the lung volume _______ which ______ the pressure causing air to ______.

Answer 15

Decreases
Increases
Rush out

Question 16

In external respiration, ________ diffuses from the _______ into the _______ and is carried to the body cells.

Answer 16

Oxygen (O2)
Alveoli
Capillary (RBC carrier)

Question 17

In external respiration reactions, ______ ions in the plasma diffuse into RBC joining with ______ to produce ________. Then the enzyme _______ causes it to dissociate into _______________.

Answer 17

HCO3- 
H+
H2CO3 (*carbonic acid*)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)
H2O and CO2

Question 18

______ and _____ have the greatest effect on breathing rate. When oxygen level is low in blood _______ in aorta and carotid arteries detect and tell _________ which turns on the __________ nervous system, which ________ the breathing rate.

Answer 18

Carbon dioxide
Lactic acid (H+) 
Chemoreceptors 
Respiratory center in medulla
Sympathetic
Increases

Question 19

If the oxygen level remains low for long periods of time, the ______ detects it and releases ______ which tells the bone marrow to increase RBC production. This is known as _________.

Answer 19

Kidney
EPO (erythropoietin)
Acclimatization

Question 20

What is Hb?

Answer 20

Hemoglobin

Question 21

What is HbO2?

Answer 21

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 22

What is HbCO2?

Answer 22

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 23

What is HHb?

Answer 23

Reduced hemoglobin

Question 24

What is H2CO3?

Answer 24

Carbonic acid

Question 25

What is HCO3-?

Answer 25

Bicarbonate ion

Question 26

What is CA?

Answer 26

Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 27

Where is 70% of CO2 stored?

Answer 27

HCO3- (bicarbonate ion)

Question 28

Where is 20% of CO2 stored?

Answer 28

HbCO2 (carbaminohemoglobin)

Question 29

Where is 10% of CO2 stored?

Answer 29

Dissolved in plasma.