Chemical Compounds Review Flashcards
1
Q
Has single bonds and cannot hold anymore H
A
Saturated fatty acid
2
Q
A hydrocarbon chain and acid group
A
Fatty acid
3
Q
-COOH
A
Carboxyl group
4
Q
Has 1 NH2 and a carboxyl group
A
Amino acid
5
Q
Long term energy source
A
Neutral fat
6
Q
2AA less one H2O
A
Dipeptide
7
Q
Hexoses
A
Monosaccharide
8
Q
Can be digested into polypeptide chains
A
Protein
9
Q
Process used to make maltose from 2 glucose molecules
A
Dehydration synthesis
10
Q
Starch and DNA are______
A
Polymers
11
Q
Sugar Part of RNA
A
Ribose
12
Q
Addition of H2O (from complex to simple)
A
Hydrolysis
13
Q
Formed by ionic bonding among “R” groups
A
Tertiary
14
Q
Changing of a proteins shape
A
Denaturation
15
Q
C12H22O11
A
Sucrose
16
Q
Caused by hydrogen bonding in the primary sequence
A
Secondary structure
17
Q
Process used to make a neutral fat
A
Hydrolysis
18
Q
Type of bond found in enzymes and hormones
A
Peptide
19
Q
Produced when Dehydration synthesis is used many times with amino acids
A
Polypeptide
20
Q
What starch cellulose and glycogen have in common
A
Polysaccharide
21
Q
The constantly supported hypothesis
A
Theory
22
Q
The good form of cholesterol
A
Low-density lipoprotein Also known as LDL
23
Q
The unwanted form of cholesterol
A
High-density lipoproteins also known as HDL
24
Q
Globular proteins have this level of structure
A
Tertiary
25
Stored in our liver, animal starch
Glycogen
26
DNA, RNA, starch, are…
Polymers
27
A carbon containing compound
Organic
28
Bond between nonmetals
Ionic
29
Lactose is a what to sucrose?
Lactose is a Isomer of sucrose
30
Form when two amino acids are joined
Dipeptide
31
Happens to proteins upon extensive heating or improper pH exposure
Denatration
32
Bond between nonmetals
Covalent
33
Fats that are full of hydrogen
Saturated
34
C – 12 and C – 14 are what
Isotopes
35
This makes up cell walls
Cellulose
36
Contains the oils and waxes
Lipid
37
Atoms with the same atomic number but different weights are said to be
Isotopes
38
```
Compounds containing hydrogen and carbon are:
Organic;
Inorganic;
Acids;
Bases
```
Organic
39
When Calcium 20 joins with chlorine 17 calcium is oxidized or reduced
Oxidized
40
If the solution has a pH of nine there would be more H plus then OH or more OH then H
There will be more OH- than H+
41
```
A molecule found to contain nitrogen. A valid conclusion is
A) it must be an amino acid
B) it must be a phospholipid
C) it may be a carbohydrate
D) it is not a fatty acid
```
It is not a fatty acid
42
```
Some hormones and all enzymes are composed of
amino acids;
fatty acids;
carbohydrates;
or nucleotides
```
Amino acids
43
```
Which of the following is found in a fatty acid?
carboxyl group;
R group;
amino acid;
or C=C
```
Carboxyl group
44
```
Amino acids differ from each other in their
hydrocarbon chain;
R groups;
peptide bonds;
double or single bonds
```
Their R groups
45
```
Energy storage molecules found in liver are
A) polysaccharides
B) polypeptides
C) disaccharides
D) dipeptides
```
Polysaccharides
46
```
Cellulose and Amylose are
A) isomers
B) polymers
C) polyisomers
D) monomers
```
Polymers
47
```
Green plants use nitrates to make
A) sugar
B) protein
C) fat
D) starch
```
Protein
48
```
A molecule is found to contain C, H and O with 2 H present for ever O. It must be a(n):
A) amino acid
B) fatty acid
C) carbohydrate
D) phospholipid
```
Carbohydrate
49
The following are true or false:
1. Water molecules are held together by H-bonds
2. Saturated fats have single bonds between carbon atoms
3. Polysaccharides are made from disaccharides by hydrolysis
4. ADP is a nucleotide
5. Primary structure is determined by peptide bonds
6. Carbohydrates are denatured by heat
7. Fats contain more energy per gram than proteins
8. All enzymes show secondary level of protein structure
9. As substrate Is added to a beaker of enzyme, the reaction rate increases until all of the active sites are occupied at any given time
10. Heavy metals denature enzymes
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. T
50
An enzymes ability recognize a substrate is based on the enzymes: -molecular weight;
- ability to buffer the pH;
- the ability to stabilize the temperature at optimum;
- active site
Active site
51
```
Adenosine triphosphate would be used in:
osmosis;
facilitated diffusion;
phagocytosis;
diffusion
```
Phagocytosis
52
```
A cell that is engulfing bacteria would have many:
lysosomes;
ribosomes;
polysomes;
centrioles
```
Lysosomes
53
The following are true or false:
1. Water enters the cell by osmosis through the phospholipid bilayer
2. Lipid molecules enter the cell by diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer
3. In the cell membrane, hydrophilic tails point inward
4. Cell fragments are taken into the cell by phagocytosis
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
54
A small compartment of storage in the cell is a
Vesicle
55
Produces maltose from starch
Amylase
56
The drawing power of the solution
Osmotic pressure
57
This type of movement causes passive transport to happen
Brownian
58
What happens when an animal cell is placed into the solution with a lower osmotic pressure
The cell lysis
59
molecules that fit into the active site slowing the reaction
Competitive inhibitor
60
This type of solution causes hemolysis
Hypotonic
61
A molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme
Substrate
62
Site of protein synthesis and transport
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
63
There would be many of these in muscle cells
Mitochondrion
64
Condition that a plant cell will be in when placed into a hypertonic solution
Plasmolysis
65
Causes lettuce to be crispy
Turgor
66
Fossil lipids and proteins make up the ______ of the cell membrane
Fluid Mosaic model
67
Cells usually can never become _____ to a solution since so little water is either lost or gained
Isotonic
68
Digests cells and workout organelles
Lysosomes
69
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
70
Used to take liquids into cells
Endocytosis
71
Used to look at the surface of cells
Scanning electron microscope
72
Site of steroid synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
73
Used to look inside chloroplasts
Transmission electron microscope
74
If the solution is_____ to a blood cell it will undergo crenation
Hypertonic
75
The protein part of some enzymes
Apoenzyme
76
Process used to get proteins out of the cell
Exocytosis
77
The vitamin part of some enzymes
CoEnzyme
