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Biology 12 > Chemical Compounds Review > Flashcards

Chemical Compounds Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Has single bonds and cannot hold anymore H

A

Saturated fatty acid

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2
Q

A hydrocarbon chain and acid group

A

Fatty acid

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3
Q

-COOH

A

Carboxyl group

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4
Q

Has 1 NH2 and a carboxyl group

A

Amino acid

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5
Q

Long term energy source

A

Neutral fat

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6
Q

2AA less one H2O

A

Dipeptide

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7
Q

Hexoses

A

Monosaccharide

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8
Q

Can be digested into polypeptide chains

A

Protein

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9
Q

Process used to make maltose from 2 glucose molecules

A

Dehydration synthesis

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10
Q

Starch and DNA are______

A

Polymers

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11
Q

Sugar Part of RNA

A

Ribose

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12
Q

Addition of H2O (from complex to simple)

A

Hydrolysis

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13
Q

Formed by ionic bonding among “R” groups

A

Tertiary

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14
Q

Changing of a proteins shape

A

Denaturation

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15
Q

C12H22O11

A

Sucrose

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16
Q

Caused by hydrogen bonding in the primary sequence

A

Secondary structure

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17
Q

Process used to make a neutral fat

A

Hydrolysis

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18
Q

Type of bond found in enzymes and hormones

A

Peptide

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19
Q

Produced when Dehydration synthesis is used many times with amino acids

A

Polypeptide

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20
Q

What starch cellulose and glycogen have in common

A

Polysaccharide

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21
Q

The constantly supported hypothesis

A

Theory

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22
Q

The good form of cholesterol

A

Low-density lipoprotein Also known as LDL

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23
Q

The unwanted form of cholesterol

A

High-density lipoproteins also known as HDL

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24
Q

Globular proteins have this level of structure

A

Tertiary

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25
Q

Stored in our liver, animal starch

A

Glycogen

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26
Q

DNA, RNA, starch, are…

A

Polymers

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27
Q

A carbon containing compound

A

Organic

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28
Q

Bond between nonmetals

A

Ionic

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29
Q

Lactose is a what to sucrose?

A

Lactose is a Isomer of sucrose

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30
Q

Form when two amino acids are joined

A

Dipeptide

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31
Q

Happens to proteins upon extensive heating or improper pH exposure

A

Denatration

32
Q

Bond between nonmetals

A

Covalent

33
Q

Fats that are full of hydrogen

A

Saturated

34
Q

C – 12 and C – 14 are what

A

Isotopes

35
Q

This makes up cell walls

A

Cellulose

36
Q

Contains the oils and waxes

A

Lipid

37
Q

Atoms with the same atomic number but different weights are said to be

A

Isotopes

38
Q 
Compounds containing hydrogen and carbon are:
Organic;
Inorganic;
Acids;
Bases
A

Organic

39
Q

When Calcium 20 joins with chlorine 17 calcium is oxidized or reduced

A

Oxidized

40
Q

If the solution has a pH of nine there would be more H plus then OH or more OH then H

A

There will be more OH- than H+

41
Q 
A molecule found to contain nitrogen. A valid conclusion is 
A) it must be an amino acid 
B) it must be a phospholipid
C) it may be a carbohydrate
D) it is not a fatty acid
A

It is not a fatty acid

42
Q 
Some hormones and all enzymes are composed of 
amino acids; 
fatty acids; 
carbohydrates; 
or nucleotides
A

Amino acids

43
Q 
Which of the following is found in a fatty acid?
carboxyl group; 
R group; 
amino acid; 
or C=C
A

Carboxyl group

44
Q 
Amino acids differ from each other in their 
hydrocarbon chain; 
R groups; 
peptide bonds;
double or single bonds
A

Their R groups

45
Q 
Energy storage molecules found in liver are 
A) polysaccharides
B) polypeptides
C) disaccharides
D) dipeptides
A

Polysaccharides

46
Q 
Cellulose and Amylose are 
A) isomers
B) polymers
C) polyisomers
D) monomers
A

Polymers

47
Q 
Green plants use nitrates to make 
A) sugar
B) protein
C) fat
D) starch
A

Protein

48
Q 
A molecule is found to contain C, H and O with 2 H present for ever O. It must be a(n):
A) amino acid
B) fatty acid
C) carbohydrate
D) phospholipid
A

Carbohydrate

49
Q

The following are true or false:

  1. Water molecules are held together by H-bonds
  2. Saturated fats have single bonds between carbon atoms
  3. Polysaccharides are made from disaccharides by hydrolysis
  4. ADP is a nucleotide
  5. Primary structure is determined by peptide bonds
  6. Carbohydrates are denatured by heat
  7. Fats contain more energy per gram than proteins
  8. All enzymes show secondary level of protein structure
  9. As substrate Is added to a beaker of enzyme, the reaction rate increases until all of the active sites are occupied at any given time
  10. Heavy metals denature enzymes
A
  1. T
  2. T
  3. F
  4. T
  5. T
  6. F
  7. T
  8. F
  9. T
  10. T
50
Q

An enzymes ability recognize a substrate is based on the enzymes: -molecular weight;

  • ability to buffer the pH;
  • the ability to stabilize the temperature at optimum;
  • active site
A

Active site

51
Q 
Adenosine triphosphate would be used in: 
osmosis; 
facilitated diffusion; 
phagocytosis; 
diffusion
A

Phagocytosis

52
Q 
A cell that is engulfing bacteria would have many: 
lysosomes; 
ribosomes; 
polysomes; 
centrioles
A

Lysosomes

53
Q

The following are true or false:

  1. Water enters the cell by osmosis through the phospholipid bilayer
  2. Lipid molecules enter the cell by diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer
  3. In the cell membrane, hydrophilic tails point inward
  4. Cell fragments are taken into the cell by phagocytosis
A
  1. F
  2. T
  3. F
  4. T
54
Q

A small compartment of storage in the cell is a

A

Vesicle

55
Q

Produces maltose from starch

A

Amylase

56
Q

The drawing power of the solution

A

Osmotic pressure

57
Q

This type of movement causes passive transport to happen

A

Brownian

58
Q

What happens when an animal cell is placed into the solution with a lower osmotic pressure

A

The cell lysis

59
Q

molecules that fit into the active site slowing the reaction

A

Competitive inhibitor

60
Q

This type of solution causes hemolysis

A

Hypotonic

61
Q

A molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme

A

Substrate

62
Q

Site of protein synthesis and transport

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

63
Q

There would be many of these in muscle cells

A

Mitochondrion

64
Q

Condition that a plant cell will be in when placed into a hypertonic solution

A

Plasmolysis

65
Q

Causes lettuce to be crispy

A

Turgor

66
Q

Fossil lipids and proteins make up the ______ of the cell membrane

A

Fluid Mosaic model

67
Q

Cells usually can never become _____ to a solution since so little water is either lost or gained

A

Isotonic

68
Q

Digests cells and workout organelles

A

Lysosomes

69
Q

Site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

70
Q

Used to take liquids into cells

A

Endocytosis

71
Q

Used to look at the surface of cells

A

Scanning electron microscope

72
Q

Site of steroid synthesis

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

73
Q

Used to look inside chloroplasts

A

Transmission electron microscope

74
Q

If the solution is_____ to a blood cell it will undergo crenation

A

Hypertonic

75
Q

The protein part of some enzymes

A

Apoenzyme

76
Q

Process used to get proteins out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

77
Q

The vitamin part of some enzymes

A

CoEnzyme

Biology 12 (15 decks)

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