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Biology 12 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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0
Q

What does TSHRF target?

A

Anterior pituitary

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1
Q

What is the gland that secretes TSHRF?

A

The hypothalamus- Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect decrease in metabolism

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2
Q

Why is TSHRF released?

A

Decrease in metabolic rate. (low thyroxin) Low metabolism is detected by chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is the action of TSHRF?

A

Tells anterior pituitary to secrete TSH which affects the thyroid.

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4
Q

What is the gland that secretes TSH?

A

The anterior pituitary

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5
Q

What is the target of TSH?

A

The thyroid gland

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6
Q

Why is TSH released?

A

It is stimulated by TSHRF - a trophic hormone

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7
Q

What does TSH do?

A

Causes that thyroid to release thyroxin

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8
Q

What is the gland secretes thyroxin?

A

The Thyroid gland

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9
Q

What is the target of thyroxin?

A

Body cells- all tissues

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10
Q

Why is thyroxin released?

A

It is stimulated by TSH

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11
Q

What is the action of thyroxin?

A

Causes body cells to increase metabolism and oxygen uptake

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12
Q

What is the gland secretes ADH

A

Posterior pituitary. (Detected by hypothalamus)

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13
Q

What is the target of ADH

A

The kidneys

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14
Q

Why is ADH released?

A

High sodium levels in the blood. High osmotic pressure

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15
Q

What is the action of ADH?

A

Stimulates water reabsorption by the collecting ducts in kidneys

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16
Q

What is the gland secretes oxytocin?

A

Posterior pituitary

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17
Q

What does oxytocin target?

A

The uterus and mammary glands

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18
Q

Why is oxytocin released?

A

Contractions in the uterus labor. Uterine stretched or baby suckles.

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19
Q

What is the action of oxytocin?

A

Positive feedback. It stimulates the uterine muscles to contract it also causes mammary glands to release milk

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20
Q

What is the gland secretes the growth hormone?

A

Anterior pituitary

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21
Q

What is the target of the growth hormone

A

Soft tissues and bones

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22
Q

Why is the growth hormone released

A

Puberty

23
Q

What is the action of the growth hormone

A

Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth. Promotes skeletal and muscular growth, decreases fat

24
Q

What is the gland secretes prolactin

A

Anterior pituitary

25
Q

What is the target of prolactin

A

Mammary glands

26
Q

Why is prolactin release?

A

Higher brain centers – hypothalamus. Baby suckling

27
Q

What is the action of prolactin

A

Milk production

28
Q

What is the gland secretes aldosterone?

A

The adrenal cortex.

29
Q

What the detects the low sodium ions in the blood and what does it release?

A

The kidney and it releases Renin

30
Q

What does aldosterone target?

A

Kidney

31
Q

Why is aldosterone released

A

Low-sodium ions in the blood

32
Q

What is renin, and what does it do?

A

Renin is an enzyme secretes by the kidney when blood is low in Na+ ions. It changes angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

33
Q

What does angiotensin 2 do?

A

Causes adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

34
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Causes kidney to reabsorb Na+ ions and excrete K+

35
Q

What is the gland that secretes insulin?

A

The pancreas. Islets of langhans-beta cells- release insulin.

36
Q

Why does insulin target?

A

Liver, muscles, adipose tissues

37
Q

Why is insulin released?

A

High blood glucose level. >0.1%

Right after meal

38
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Cause kidney to store glucose as glycogen.

Body cells to increase glucose uptake.

39
Q

What is the gland that secretes glucagon?

A

Pancreas

40
Q

What does glucagon target?

A

Liver, muscle tissue, adipose tissue

41
Q

Why is glucagon released?

A

Low glucose in blood. <0.1%

42
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Liver converts glycogen into glucose

Decrease body cell glucose uptake

43
Q

What is the gland that secretes epinephrine?

A

Adrenal medilla

44
Q

What does epinephrine target?

A

Cardiac and other muscles

45
Q

Why is epinephrine released?

A

Stressful situations.

46
Q

What does epinephrine do?

A

Raise blood glucose levels, fight or flight.

Increases: breathing rate, metabolism, heart rate, and glucose

47
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and glucagon

48
Q

What hormones Are secretes by the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH, oxytocin

49
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus

A

TSHRF

50
Q

Which hormones are secretes by the anterior pituitary?

A

TSH, prolactin, growth hormone

51
Q

What hormone does the thyroid release?

A

Thyroxine

52
Q

What hormone does the adrenal medulla release?

A

Epinephrine

53
Q

What hormone does the adrenal cortex release?

A

Aldosterone

54
Q

What are peptide hormones?

A

Water soluble.
Activate receptors on target cell surface.
Work quickly
Insulin, glucagon, oxytocin, ACTH

55
Q

What is a steroid hormone?

A

Fat/lipid-insoluble
Pass through membrane. Take longer to affect target cell, effect last longer.
Estrogen, testosterone, cortisol

Biology 12 (15 decks)

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