Respiratory System Flashcards
Functions of the respiratory system
- Provides gas exchange between the air and blood
- Protects the respiratory surfaces from dehydration
- Provides Protection against invading pathogens
- Produces sound involved in verbal communication
- Assists in the regulation body fluid pH
- Regulates water and heat loss/exchange
Cellular respiration
- cellular reaction involving oxygen and glucose
- ATP and CO2
External respiration
- Ventilation: moving air into/out of lungs
- Gas exchange: between lungs and blood
- Transport of gases in blood
- Gas exchange between blood and cells
Upper respiratory system
- Nose
- Nasal cavity
- Sinuses
- Pharynx
Lower respiratory system
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Respiratory Epithelium Consists of
- Pseudostratified
- Ciliated
- Columnar Cells (except for the pharynx, smaller bronchi, and alveoli)
- Mucus-producing Cells
- Pharynx consists of stratified squamous cells
Ciliated Columnar Cells
-move mucus in an upward manner (mucus escalator) so debris can be coughed out
Mucous Cells
-produce mucus so inhaled debris will get stuck and not enter the lungs
Stratified squamous Cells in the pharynx
-provide protection against abrasion (food)
The pathway of air
-Air enters external nares
-Passes by the Nasal Vestibule
•Long hairs (vibrissae) trap large particles/insects
-Enters the Nasal Cavity
Pathway of air continued
- Air flows in and around the Nasal conchae
- Olfactory Epithelium detects odors (olfaction)
- Hard and soft palates seperate from oral cavity
- Air enters the internal nares
- Air enters the nasopharynx area
What is a Pharynx
-The Pharynx is a passageway that connects the nose to the mouth to the throat
Nasopharynx
-The back of the nose area
•Openings to eustachian (auditory) tube
•Pharyngeal tonsil
Oropharynx
-The back of the mouth area
•Uvula- helps with sound production, prevents nasal regurgitation
Laryngopharynx
-The area that has the entrance to the trachea and esophagus
Cartilages of the Larynx
-Thyroid Cartilage
•Contains the laryngeal prominence
- Cricoid Cartilage
- Epiglottis
- Paired laryngeal cartilages
Laryngeal Musculature
-Intrinsic muscles
•Regulate tension of the vocal cords
•Open and close the glottis
-Extrinsic muscles
•Position and stabilize the larynx
Characteristics of the trachea
- Contains tracheal Cartilage (C-shaped)
- The Lining consists of respiratory epithelial mucosa
- The posterior side of the Cartilage ring is the TRACHEALIS MUSCLE.
What is a Hilum
The point of entrance and exit of the pulmonary blood vessels
What is a root
The combination of the bronchus, artery, and vein
Structure of the lungs
-The right lung has three lobes
•Superior, middle, and inferior lobes
-The left lung has two lobes
•Superior and inferior lobes
•Contains the oblique fissure
•Left lung has a cardiac notch
What separates the right and left pleaural cavity?
Mediastinum
Visceral pleura
Portion covers the outer surface of the lung
Parietal pleura
Portion covers the inside lining of the thoracic wall
The space created between the visceral and Parietal is?
The pleural cavity containing pleural fluid
Alveoli Lining consists of?
Simple squamous Epithelium
Respiratory rhythmicity center
Sets the respiratory pace
Apneustic center
Adjusts the respiratory depth
Pneumotaxic center
Adjusts the respiratory pace
