Respiratory System Flashcards
Functions of the respiratory system
- Provides gas exchange between the air and blood
- Protects the respiratory surfaces from dehydration
- Provides Protection against invading pathogens
- Produces sound involved in verbal communication
- Assists in the regulation body fluid pH
- Regulates water and heat loss/exchange
Cellular respiration
- cellular reaction involving oxygen and glucose
- ATP and CO2
External respiration
- Ventilation: moving air into/out of lungs
- Gas exchange: between lungs and blood
- Transport of gases in blood
- Gas exchange between blood and cells
Upper respiratory system
- Nose
- Nasal cavity
- Sinuses
- Pharynx
Lower respiratory system
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Respiratory Epithelium Consists of
- Pseudostratified
- Ciliated
- Columnar Cells (except for the pharynx, smaller bronchi, and alveoli)
- Mucus-producing Cells
- Pharynx consists of stratified squamous cells
Ciliated Columnar Cells
-move mucus in an upward manner (mucus escalator) so debris can be coughed out
Mucous Cells
-produce mucus so inhaled debris will get stuck and not enter the lungs
Stratified squamous Cells in the pharynx
-provide protection against abrasion (food)
The pathway of air
-Air enters external nares
-Passes by the Nasal Vestibule
•Long hairs (vibrissae) trap large particles/insects
-Enters the Nasal Cavity
Pathway of air continued
- Air flows in and around the Nasal conchae
- Olfactory Epithelium detects odors (olfaction)
- Hard and soft palates seperate from oral cavity
- Air enters the internal nares
- Air enters the nasopharynx area
What is a Pharynx
-The Pharynx is a passageway that connects the nose to the mouth to the throat
Nasopharynx
-The back of the nose area
•Openings to eustachian (auditory) tube
•Pharyngeal tonsil
Oropharynx
-The back of the mouth area
•Uvula- helps with sound production, prevents nasal regurgitation
Laryngopharynx
-The area that has the entrance to the trachea and esophagus
