Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 210 > Lecture 3- Supporting Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Supporting Connective Tissue Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Supporting Connective tissue types?

A
  • Cartilage

- Osseus tissue (bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tissues

A

Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a relatively limited number of functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary tissue types

A
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscle
  • neural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Matrix

A

-is a firm gel containing CHONDRIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chondrocyte

A

-Found in small chambers called lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • Function: provides stuff but somewhat flexible support; reduces friction between bony surfaces.
  • Locations: Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum; covering bone surfaces at synovial joints; supporting larynx (voice box), trachea, and bronchi; forming part of nasal septum.
  • Has translucent matrix and the absence of prominent FIBERS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A
  • Locations: Auricle of external ear; epiglottis; auditory canal; cuneiform Cartilages of larynx.
  • Functions: Provides support, but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape.
  • Note: Closely packed elastic fibers are visible between the chondrocytes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fibrous Cartilage

A
  • Locations: Pads within knew joint; between pubic bones of pelvis; intervertebral discs.
  • Functions: Resists compression; prevents bone-to-bone contact, limits relative movement.
  • Note: Collagen fibers are extremely dense, and the chondrocytes are relatively far apart.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Comparison of Cartilage and Bone

A

-Both support and protect
-Mature cells are located in lacunae in both tissues
-Cartilage is Avascular; bone is highly vascular
-Ground substance in Cartilage is firm but flexible; bone is dense and hard ( but a little flexible)
-Cartilage cannot grow/repair easily; extensive remodeling and repair in bone
•You replace your entire skeleton every 7 years or so

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 types of bone cells

A
  • Osteocyte = maintains bone tissue
  • Osteoblasts = forms bone matrix
  • Osteogenic cell = stem cell
  • Osteoclast = resorbs bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two types of osseous tissue

A

-Compact bone (Dense bone)
•Compact bones are dense and solid.
•Forms the walls of bone outlining the medullary cavity
•Medullary cavity consists of bone marrow

-Spongy bone (Trabecular bone)
•Open network of plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • Sheet of cells that covers an exposed surface or lines an internal cavity or passage way
  • Produces glandular secretions

•Ex: skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epithelial Functions

A
  • Provides physical protection
  • Control permeability
  • Provide sensation
  • Produce specialized secretions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Fills internal spaces
  • Provides structural support
  • Stores energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscle tissue

A

-Contracts to produce active movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neural tissue

A
  • Conducts electrical impulses

- Carries information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Locations: Mesothelia lining, endothelia lining heart and blood vessels, portions of kidney tubules, inner lining of cornea, alveoli of lungs
  • Functions: Reduces friction, controls vessel permeability, performs absorption and secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Locations: Surface of skin, lining of oral cavity, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina
  • Functions: Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial

A
  • Locations: Glands, Ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland
  • Functions: Limited protection, secretion, absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A
  • Locations: Lining of some ducts (Rare)

- Functions: Protection, secretion, absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A
  • Locations: Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys
  • Functions: Protection, secretion, absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A
  • Locations: Small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary gland, salivarygland ducts, and urethra
  • Functions: Protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

A
  • Locations: Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, portions of male reproductive tract
  • Functions: Protection, secretion
24
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A
  • Locations: Urinary bladder, renal Pelvis, Ureters

- Functions: Permits expansion and recoil after stretching

25
Q

Merocrine secretion

A
  • Ex: Serous cells of the salvary glands (saliva or mucins from goblet cells in the intestine)
  • most common secretion
26
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

-Ex: lactiferous cells of the mammary glands

27
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

-Ex: Sebaceous gland cells (found by the hair follicle)

28
Q

Mesenchymal cells (fixed cells)

A
  • Aka stem cells are present in many connective tissues
  • Responds to local injury or infection by dividing to produce daughter cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, or other connective tissue cells.
29
Q

Fibroblasts (fixed cells)

A
  • One of the two most abundant fixed cells, always present.
  • These stellate (star shaped) cells are responsible for the production of all connective tissue fibers
  • Manufactures and secretes protein subunits that interact to form large extracellular fibers.
30
Q

Fibrocytes (fixed cells)

A
  • Second most abundant Fixed cell in connective tissue proper
  • they release chemicals that activate the immune system and attract large numbers of wandering cells involved in the body’s defense mechanisms.
31
Q

Adipocytes (fixed cells)

A

-(fat cells)single lipid droplet that occupies almost the entire cell.

32
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • synthesize and store a brown pigment, melanin that gives tissue a dark color.
  • Found in dermis
33
Q

Connective tissues

A 
-Connective Tissue Proper
  •Loose: Fibers create loose, open framework
     *Areolar tissue 
     *Adipose tissue
     *Reticular tissue
-Fluid Connective Tissue
  •Blood: contained in cardiovascular system
  •Lymph: contained in lymphatic system 
-Supporting Connective Tissue
  •Cartilage: Solid, rubbery matrix 
      *Hyaline 
      *Elastic
      *Fibrous
   •Bone: Bone, crystalline matrix
34
Q

Wandering cells

A
  • Free Macrophages
  • Mast cells
  • Lymphocytes
  • Plasmocytes
  • Neutrophils
  • Easinophils
35
Q

Free Macrophages

A
  • When circulating within the blood, these cells are called monocytes.
  • Reinforces the fixed Macrophages with the frontline defense
36
Q

Mast cells

A

-The Cytoplasm of a mast cell is filled with secretory granules of histamine and heparin. These chemicals, which are released after injury or infection, stimulate local inflammation.

37
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • Numbers increase markedly wherever Tissue damage occurs
  • Can develop into plasmocytes, which are responsible for the production of antibodies, proteins involved in defending the body against disease.
38
Q

Neutrophils and Eosinophils

A
  • Migrate through connective tissues in small numbers
  • When an infection or injury occurs, chemicals released by Macrophages and mast cells attract neutrophils and easinophils in large numbers.
39
Q

Connective tissue fibers

A
  • Collagen fibers
  • Reticular Fibers
  • Elastic Fibers
40
Q

Collagen fibers

A
  • The strongest and most common fibers in connective tissue proper
  • Tendons consist almost entirely of collagen fibers
41
Q

Reticular Fibers

A
  • thinner than collagen fibers, and they form a branching, interwoven framework that is tough but flexible
  • abundant in organs such as spleen and liver, where they create a complex 3 dimensional network, or stroma, that supports the parenchyma or distinctive functional cells
42
Q

Elastic fibers

A
  • Contain the protein ELASTIN
  • They are branching and wavy
  • after stretching up to 150 percent of their resting length , they recoil to their original dimensions.
43
Q

Ground substance

A
  • Clear, colors, and similar consistency to maple syrup

- Surrounds cellular and fibrous components of connective tissue

44
Q

Loose connective tissues

A
  • “packing material “ of the body
  • Fill spaces between organs, provide cushioning, and support epithelia
  • Also surround and support blood vessels and nerves, store lipids, and provide a route for the diffusion of materials
45
Q

Types of Loose Connective Tissues

A
  • Areolar Tissue
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Reticular Tissue
46
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

—Locations: within and deep to the dermis of skin, and covered by the epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; between muscles; around blood vessels, nerves, and around joints

  • Functions: Cushions organs; provides support but permits independent movement; phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens
  • all the cells of connective tissue proper are found in Areolar
47
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
  • Locations: Deep to the skin, especially at sides, buttocks, breasts; padding around eyes and kidneys
  • Functions: Provides padding and cushions shocks; insulates (reduces heat loss); stored energy

White: adults
Brown: kids

48
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A
  • Locations: Liver; kidney; spleen; lymph nodes; bone marrow.
  • Functions: Provides supporting framework
49
Q

Types of Dense Connective Tissue

A
  • Dense regular connective tissue

- Dense Irregular connective tissue

50
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A
  • Locations: between skeletal muscles and skeleton (tendons and aponeuroses); between bones or stabilizing positions of internal organs (ligaments); covering skeletal muscles; deep fasciae
  • Functions: Provides firm attachment; conducts pull of muscles ; reduces friction between muscles; stabilized relative positions of bones
51
Q

Elastic tissue

A
  • Locations: Between vertebrae of the spinal column; ligaments supporting transitional epithelia; in blood vessel walls
  • Functions: Stabilizes positions of vertebrae and penis; cushions shocks; permits expansion and contraction of organs
52
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • Locations: Capsules of visceral organs; periostea and perichondria; nerve and muscle sheaths; dermis
  • Functions: Provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions; helps prevent overexpansion of organs such as the urinary bladder
53
Q

Types of Cartilage

A
  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • Elastic Cartilage
  • Fibrous Cartilage
54
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • Most common type and the weakest type of Cartilage. Translucent matrix and the absence of prominent fibers
  • Locations: Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum; covering bone surfaces at synovial joints; supporting larynx (voice box), trachea, and bronchi; forming part of nasal septum
  • Functions: Provides stiff but somewhat flexible support; reduces friction between bony surfaces
55
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A
  • Contains numerous Elastic Fibers that make it extremely resilient and flexible
  • Locations: Auricle of external ear; epiglottis; auditory canal; cuneiform Cartilages of larynx
  • Functions: Provides support, but tolerates distortion without damaged and returns to original shape
56
Q

Fibrous Cartilage

A
  • Has little ground substance, may lack a perichondrium, and matrix dominated by collagen fibers
  • Locations: Pads within knew joint; between pubic bones Pelvis; intervertebral discs
  • Functions: Resists compression; prevents bone-to-bone contact; limits relative movement

Bio 210 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions