Nervous Tissue (Unit 3)

Question 1

Nervous system characteristics

Answer 1

• Controls and adjust the activity of the body
• Provides swift but brief responses

-Works closely with endocrine system
(Neuroendocrine system)

Question 2

what makes up the Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 2

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Spinal Cord

Question 3

What makes up the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 3

• Cranial nerves
• Spinal nerves
• Ganglia

Question 4

Peripheral nervous system subdivided into:

Answer 4

• Afferent: brings sensory information toward the CNS

- Efferent: Carries motor commands away from the CNS

Question 5

Neural tissue consists of two cell types:

Answer 5

• Neurons

- Neuroglia

Question 6

what are Neurons?

Answer 6

• Nerve Cells that are responsible for the transfer and processing of information in the nervous system
• Consists of a soma, axon, and dendrites

Question 7

What are Neuroglia

Answer 7

• Supporting Cells

- Protect the neurons

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

-Stimulated by environmental changes or the activities of other cells

Question 9

Cell body

Answer 9

-Contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles and inclusions

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

-Conducts nerve impulse (Action potential) toward synaptic terminals

Question 11

Anaxonic neuron

Answer 11

-have more than two processes, but axons cannot be distinguished from dendrites

Question 12

Bipolar neuron

Answer 12

-Bipolar neurons have two processes separated by the cell body.

Question 13

Pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 13

-They have a single elongate process with the cell body situated to one side

Question 14

Multipolar neuron

Answer 14

-Multipolar neurons have more than two processes; there is a single axon and multiple dendrites.

Question 15

Sensory

Answer 15

• Sends information from the PNS to the CNS

- Somatic sensory and visceral sensory

Question 16

Motor

Answer 16

-Sends information from the CNS to the periphery

Question 17

Interneurons

Answer 17

• Situated between the motor and sensory neurons
• Analyze sensory input and coordinate motor outputs
• Can be excitatory or inhibitory

Question 18

There are 3 major types of sensory receptors

Answer 18

• Exteroceptors: provide information about the external environment such as touch, temperature, pressure, sight, smell, and hearing.
• Proprioceptors: monitor position and movement of the body.
• Interoceptors: monitor internal organ activity.

Question 19

2 divisions of motor neurons

Answer 19

-Somatic:
•motor signals to voluntary (skeletal) muscles

-Visceral:
•Motor signals to Involuntary muscles (Smooth/Cardiac)
•Also known as the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 20

Neuroglia Cells of the CNS

Answer 20

• Astrocytes
• Oligodendrocytes
• Microglia
• Ependymal cells

Question 21

Neuroglia Cells of the PNS

Answer 21

• Satellite Cells

- Schwann Cells

Question 22

Satellite cells

Answer 22

-Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; regulate O2, CO2, nutrient, and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia

Question 23

Schwann Cells

Answer 23

-Surround all axons in PNS; responsible for myelination of peripheral axons; participate in repair process after injury

Question 24

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 24

-Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework

Question 25

Astrocytes

Answer 25

• Maintain blood-brain barrier
• Provides structural support
• Regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved-gas concentrations
• Absorb and recycle neurotransmitters
• Form scar tissue after injury

Question 26

Microglia

Answer 26

-Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis

Question 27

Ependymal Cells

Answer 27

• Line ventricles (Brain) and central canal (Spinal Cord)

- Assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid