Respiratory system Flashcards by Rebecca Henrysson

Carbon monoxide... (1p)
A) binds weakly to the globin of the hemoglobin
B) binds to the heme of the hemoglobin
C) binds more strongly than oxygen does
D) both A &amp; B
E) both B &amp; C

E) both B & C

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The volume of air in a normal breath is called... (1p)
A) total lung capacity.
B) vital capacity.
C) tidal volume.
D) functional residual capacity.
E) residual volume.

C) tidal volume

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The inner layer of the articular capsule is a... 
A) fibrous membrane.
B) ligament.
C) articular membrane.
D) synovial membrane.
E) meniscus.

D) synovial membrane

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All of the following are normal changes that occur in the respiratory system during exercise EXCEPT… (1p)
A) blood flow to the lungs increases.
B) oxygen diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane increases.
C) less carbon dioxide is produced in the muscles.
D) breathing rate increases.
E) depth of ventilation increases.

C) less carbon dioxide is produced in the muscles.

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Approximately how much of the total CO2 in the blood is carried as bicarbonate? (1p)
A) less than 40%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 70%
E) 90%

D) 70%

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The term for oxygen deficiency in tissues or cells is... (1p)
A) ischemia.
B) hypoxia.
C) hypocapnia.
D) anemia.
E) cyanosis.

B) hypoxia.

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What are the tree major steps of Respiration?

Ventilation - Moving air in and out of lungs
External respiration - Gas exchange between alveoli and blood
Internal respiration - Gas exchange between blood and cells

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What are the three main functions of the nose?

Filtering, warming and moistening incoming air
Detect olfactory stimuli (smell)
Modifying the vibrations of speech sounds

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Another word for ‘‘Pharynx’’

“throat”

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Which are the three main structures of the Nose?

External nares
Nasal cavity
Internal nares

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What is the structure of the pharynx?

Funnel-shaped(Trattformig tube from internal nares to larynx

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What is the three main regions of the Pharynx?

Nasopharynx; - Opening to nose, Adenoids and openings of auditory (Eustachian) tubes (hörselgångar)
Middle: oropharynx; opening to mouth - Palatine and lingual tonsils are here
Lower: laryngeal pharynx - Connects with both esophagus(food tube) and larynx: food and air

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Another word for ‘‘auditory tubes’’

Eustachian

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What is the structure of the Larynx?

Mucous membrane of larynx forms two pairs of

folds.

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What is a Tracheostomy?

Tracheostomy: opening in

trachea for tube

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What is the trachea built of?

Lined with pseudostratified

ciliated mucous membrane

Another word for ‘‘artificial

nose’’?

”Humidifier”=”artificial

nose”

Name the 6 steps of the bronchial tree

Trachea ->
Main bronchi ->
Lobar bronchi ->
Segmental bronchi ->
Bronchioles ->
terminal bronchioles ->

Name 2 specifications of the small branchioles

1. Have less cartilage, more
smooth muscle. In asthma,
these airways can close. 
2.  Can be bronchodilated by sympathetic nerves, epinephrine, or related
medications.

What is the differens between right and left lung

Right lung has 3 lobes

Left lung has 2 lobes and cardiac notch

The lungs are surrounded by — ?

surrounded by pleural membrane

What is the outer layer of the lungs called?

Parietal pleura

Which membrane surrounds the lungs?

Pleural membrane

Broad bottom of lungs = —-; pointy top = —–

base, apex

Alveoli is composed of three types of cells

Alveoli: composed of three types of cells Type 1. Lined with thin alveolar cells (simple squamous); sites of gas exchange Type 2. Scattered surfactant-secreting cells. Surfactant: - keeps alveoli from collapsing - keeps alveoli from drying out) Alveolar macrophages: “cleaners”

Which are the order of substance between a Alveolus cell and Red blood cells

1. Red blood cells 2. Capillary endothelium 3. Capillary basement 4. Interstitial space 5. Epithelia basement membrane 6. Alveolar cell

Volume and pressure are inversely related:

Volume and pressure are inversely related As lung volume goes UP - alveolar pressure DOWN As lung volume goes DOWN - alveolar pressure UP INHALATION: Contraction of diaphragm lung volume UP , alveolar pressure DOWN so it is < atmospheric pressure -> air enters lungs Relaxation of diaphragm lung volume DOWN, alveolar pressure DOWN so it is > atmospheric pressure -> air leaves lungs

What happens during Pneumothorax?

Pneumothorax= Lungkollaps Vid en lungkollaps har det kommit in luft i lungsäcken, som omger lungan. Då faller själva lungan ihop helt eller delvis och du får svårt att andas. En mindre lungkollaps läker ofta av sig själv. En större lungkollaps behandlas på sjukhus.

What is Tidal volume?

Volume moved in one | breath. Normal ~ 500 ml

What is Inspiratory reserve volume (ERV) when measuring with a spirometer?

Volume of air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume (TV).

What is Expiratory reserve volume (IRV) when measuring with a spirometer?

Expiratory reserve volume (IRV) = volume of air | that can be exhaled beyond TV

What is residual volume (RV) when measuring with a spirometer?

Air remaining in lungs after a maximum expiration

Another word for deep breathing?

Diaphragmatic breathing: deep breathing

How much is one atmospherepressure?

101,3 kPa =760 mmHg