Gastrointestinal system Flashcards by Rebecca Henrysson

What functions have the Digestive

System? (6st)

• Ingestion: eating
• Secretion: release of water, enzymes, buffers
• Mixing and propulsion: movement along GI tract
• Digestion: breakdown of foods
– Mechanically: by movements of digestive organs
– Chemically: by enzymes
• Absorption: moving products of digestion into the
body
• Defecation: dumping waste products

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Organs for the gastrointestinal? (6st)

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,

small intestine, large intestine

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Accessory organs (6st)

supporting the gastrointestinal. Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver,
gallbladder, and pancreas

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What is the Uvula? What function does it fill?

U-shaped extension of soft palate posteriorly. During swallowing, uvula blocks entry of food or
drink into nasal cavity

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Which two group of organs compose the digestive system?

Gastrointestinal tract and the accessory digestive organs

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What is the three main part of the Salivary glands?

Three pairs of salivary glands
– Parotid
• Largest; inferior and anterior to ears
– Submandibular
• In floor of mouth; medial and inferior to mandible
– Sublingual
• Inferior to tongue and superior to submandibular

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What contains saliva of?

99.5% water. 0.5% salivary amylase, mucus

and other solutes.

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What is the name of the three major parts of the teeth?

Crown, root and neck

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Explain the two parts of digestion in the mouth

Mechanical digestion
– Chewing mixes food with saliva
– Rounds up food into a soft bolus for swallowing
• Chemical digestion
– Salivary amylase (enzyme) breaks down
polysaccharides (starch)  maltose and larger
fragments
– Continues in the stomach for about an hour until
acid inactivates amylase

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What is the Swedish word for Pharynx

Svalg

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What is the Swedish word for Esophagus?

Matstrupe

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Which are the 4 layers in the gastrointestinal wall and which functions do they have?

Mucosa: epithelium in direct content with food; made
of connective tissue, glands, and thin muscularis
mucosae
Submucosa: connective tissue, blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels, and enteric nervous system (ENS)
Muscularis: inner circular layer, outer longitudinal
layer
• Smooth muscle in most of GI tract
• Except skeletal (voluntary muscle) in mouth, pharynx, upper
esophagus, and external anal sphincter
Serosa: visceral layer of peritoneum
• Also forms extensions: greater omentum and mesentery

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What is mucosa in Swedish?

Slemhinna

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Which are the four regions of the stomach?

Four regions
– Cardia: surrounds upper opening
– Fundus: superior and to left of cardia
– Body: large central portion
– Pylorus: lower part leading to pyloric sphincter and
duodenum

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What is deudenum in swedish?

Tolvfingertarm

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How kind of substance absorbs in the stomach ?

Little absorption: water, ions, some drugs

What is the characteristics of the stomach?

J.shaped, very elastic

Which are the function of the stomach?

Mixing chamber and holding reservoir

What is ‘‘magsår’’ in english?

Peptic ulcers

What are the symtoms of Peptic ulcers?

upper abdomen pain, bleeding, stenosis, perforation

What is pancreas in Swedish?

Bukspottkörteln

What is the function of the pancreas?

To prevent enzymes to come out and leak inside

What is pancreatits?

A disease caused in the pancreas. It occours by stop in the channel so that the enzymes leak from inside the pancreas.

Explain Hepatic artery and Hepatic portal vein

Hepatic artery: blood high in O2
• Hepatic portal vein: blood low in O2
but rich in nutrients from digestive organs

What are the function of bile?

– Emulsification: breaking apart clusters of fats so they are more digestible – Absorption of fats

What is gall in Swedish?

bile

How are gallstones made?

Gallstones may form from bile | – Obstruct bile ducts from gallbladder, causes pain

Which are the seven functions of the liver?

1. Carbohydrate metabolism 2. Lipid metabolism 3. Protein metabolism 4. Removes many harmful substances from blood 5. Excretion of bilirubin 6. Stores fat-soluble vitamins like (ADEK) and minerals (Fe, Cu) 7. Activates vitamin D

Where does 90% of the absorption of products of digestion occurs

Small intestine

Which are the four region of the large intestine?

– Cecum (attached to the appendix) – Colon – Rectum – Anal canal with sphincters

``` Which one of these ailment does not occur on the gastrointestinal tract? A.Peptic Ulcer B.Hepatitis B C.Diverticulosis D.Appendicitis E.Colon Cancer ```

The correct answer is B. Although the liver is part of the digestive system, food doesn’t passthrough it so it doesn’t count as gastrointestinal tract.

Which of the following statements is wrong about the liver?(a) Liver receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood as heart does. (b) The great part of absorption takes place in the live. (c) The great part of the protein synthesis takes place in the liver. (d) Bile is produced in the liver and not in the gall bladder.(e) Hepatocytes can only be found in the liver.

(b) The great part of absorption takes place in the live.

Question: Which intestinal is the most commonly to develop cancer in? Answer: A.You can’t have cancer in any intestinal B.Caecum C.Duodenum D.The small intestine E.Colon

E.Colon

``` Absorption of digested nutrients and water in the small intestine occurs by... (1p) A) diffusion. B) osmosis. C) facilitated diffusion. D) active transport. E) All of the choices are correct. ```

E) All of the choices are correct.

``` Bile is produced by... (1p) A) lymphocytes. B) Kupffer's cells. C) parietal cells. D) hepatocytes. E) chief cells. ```

D) hepatocytes