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Medicine for engineers > Blood, lymph, immune system > Flashcards

Blood, lymph, immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Another word for red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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2
Q

Another word for white blood cells

A

Lymphocyte

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3
Q

Name 3 properties of the Erythrocytes

A
  1. Bulit of the protein hemoglobin
  2. Carry oxygen to tissue
  3. Product from a stamcell
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4
Q

What is the symptomes of Anemia?

A

Signs and symptoms include fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, and chills

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5
Q

What two groups are the Leukocytes divided in?

A
  1. Granulocytes

2. Agranulocytes

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6
Q

What 3 groups of Granulocytes is there?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
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7
Q

What 2 groups of Agranulocytes is there?

A
  1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

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8
Q

What is the causes of Anemia?

A
  1. Iron-deficiency (secondary to hemorrhage; inadequate
    intake; impaired absorption)
  2. Deficiency of vitamin B12 (inadequate intake; impaired
    absorption)
  3. Premature RBC destruction (genetic; autoimmune)
  4. Defective erythropoesis (leukemia and other
    myeloproliferative disorders)
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9
Q

What is the stamcell of Platelets?

A

The hemocytoblast

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10
Q

What is the 3 step of stop bleeding during Hemostasis?

A
  1. Vascular spasms – immediate vasoconstriction in
    response to injury
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation (blood clotting)
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11
Q

Which are the four blood groups?

A

AB, A, B, O

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12
Q

Which blood group can receive blood from all bloodtypes?

A

AB

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13
Q

Which blood group can only receive blood from one bloodtype?

A

O

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14
Q

What antibody contains the blood group B of?

A

B

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15
Q

What is the main function of the Lymph system? (3st)

A
  1. Provide drainage of interstitial fluid
  2. Transport lipids from the gastro-intestinal canal
  3. Immune response
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16
Q

What is the organs in the lymphsystem? (5st)

A

Thymus, Spleen, Tonsils, Peyer’s patches, Appendix

17
Q

What does the Spleen?

A

It is the ‘‘blood filter’’

  1. Removes old red blood cells
  2. Storage of plates
  3. Production of blood cells during fetal life
18
Q

What is the function of Peyer’s patches?

A

The function of Peyer’s patches is to analyze and respond to pathogenic microbes in the ileum

19
Q

Name some example of innate immunity (6st)

A 
Skin barrier
Tissue organization
Mucus and ciliary transport
Antimicrobial substances
Phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages)
Inflammation
20
Q

Which one of this statements is NOT true for “Sickle Cell Anemia”?
A.The blood cells have an abnormal shape
B.The cells have a shorter life span
C.It is an advantage to fight against Malaria.
D.The cells are more fragile
E.It is caused due to iron-deficiency

A

The correct answer is E.

21
Q

Anemia is a condition where the blood has too little hemoglobin. Signs of the conditions include fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, and chills. There are various causes, which of these is not one of them?

a) Defective erythropoiesis
b) Premature whiteblood cellsdestruction
c) Premature red blood cellsdestruction
d) Deficiency of vitamin B12
e) Iron-deficiency

A

b) Premature whiteblood cellsdestruction

22
Q 
If you would fly to Africa, which disease could help you prevent from getting malaria?
A. Leukemia 
B. Iron-deficiency
C. Erythrocytosis
D. Hemophilia
E. Sickle-cell anemia
A

E. Sickle-cell anemia

23
Q

Which of the following statements about human blood is wrong?

(a) There are more neutrophils in the whole blood than the amount of erythrocytes.
(b) A change in conformations of hemoglobin causes Anemia.
(c) Erythrocytes lose their nucleus in late phase of the erythropoiesis, when there is enough mRNA to produce hemoglobin.
(d) Formation of the erythrocytes is controlled by the kidney.
(e) Platelets originate from megacaryotes which in turn originate from myeloid stem cells .

A

(a) There are more neutrophils in the whole blood than the amount of erythrocytes.

24
Q 
Question: Which organ regulates the production of red blood cells?
Answer: 
A.Lymph nodes
B.Lungs
C.Spleen
D.Pancreas
E.Kidney
25
Q 
Which of the following lymphatic tissues is the site of T-cell maturation and selection? (1p)
A) liver.
B) spleen.
C) tonsils.
D) thymus gland.
E) lymph nodes.
A

D) thymus gland.

26
Q

The process of filtering blood by artificial means is called… (1p)

A

In HEMODIALYSIS, a dialysis machine and a special filter called an artificial kidney, or a dialyzer, are used to clean your blood.

27
Q

What is a vesicle and what is it made of

A

A small ‘‘bubbla’’ , made of phospolipids

Medicine for engineers (11 decks)

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