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Medicine for engineers > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Samlingsnamn för hjärnskador: propp eller blödning

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2
Q

Name som heart diseases

A

Stroke, valve diseases, Hypertoni

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3
Q

Name som factors for Atherosclerosis

A

Diet, obesity, smoking, hypertension, vascular disease, age, gender, family history

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4
Q

What is the english word for ‘‘åderförkalkning’’?

A

Atherosclerosis

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5
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Thoracic cavity between two lungs, 2/3 to left of midline. 30 degrees angle

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6
Q

What is the name of the outer layer of the heart? Not Pericardium

A

Epicardium

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7
Q

What is the name of the heart cardiac muscle ?

A

Myocardium

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8
Q

What tissue is inside of the Myocardium ?

A

Squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What is the 4 layers of the heart?

A

Outer: Pericardium - Epicardium -Myocardium- endocardium

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10
Q

How many chambers are there and how are they located?

A

4 st, 2 upper (atria) and two lower(ventricles)

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11
Q

Explain the blood through through the heart

A
  1. Delivers deoxygenated blood to right artium in trough Superior & inteferior vena Cavae.
  2. Out to the right ventricle pulmanary capilers in the lungs through pulmonary tunk and pulmonary arteries.
  3. Oxygen change in the lungs
  4. Blood through pulmunary veins and the left atrium and then left ventricle
  5. And then to ascending aorta and then into the body
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12
Q

Which are the order of the cardiocycle?

A

P , Q, R,S, T

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13
Q

What is the Cornoally circulation?

A

Hjärtats egna syresättning

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14
Q

Explain Tachycardia and Bradycardia

A

Tachycardia: rapid resting HR (>100 bpm)

Bradycardia= slow resting HR (<50 bpm)

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15
Q

Where are the cardiovascular system reglated?

A

In medulla, by hormones and neural mechanisms

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16
Q

What is medulla in swedish?

A

Märg

17
Q 
Which of the following cause is the major cause of death in South Africa?
A.Cancer
B.Cardiovascular diseases
C.Maternal and perinatal causes
D.Injury and poisoning
E.Chronic obstructive lung diseases
A

B.Cardiovascular diseases

18
Q

Which of the following equations is used to calculatecardiac output (CO)?

a) CO = heart rate+ stroke volume
b) CO = heart rate -stroke volume
c) CO = heart rate *stroke volume
d) CO = heart rate/stroke volume
e) None of the above

A

c

19
Q

Which of the following statements the cardiovasclurar system is right?

(a) The arteries carry oxygenated blood while the veins carry de-oxygenated blood.
(b) Pulmonary artery carries blood towards the heart from the pulmonary system.
(c) Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.
(d) Heart muscles get blood supply through diffusion.
(e) there are two atrioventricular nodes on either sides of the heart.

A

c

20
Q 
If you would go to a party and drink a lot of alcohol which one of this receptors would not work properly and lead you to be more clumsy?
A.Baroreceptors
B.Proprioceptors
C.Chemoreceptors
D.Hypothalamus receptors
E.Cerebral cortex receptors
A

Correct answer is B

21
Q

The cardiovascularcenter is located in the medulla. Which of the following does the cardiovascular center help regulate?

a) Stroke volume
b) Heart rate
c) Blood pressure
d) Blood flow to specific tissues
e) All of the above

A

e

22
Q 
If you are going for a run, what would not increase?
A. heartrate
B. parasympathetic action 
C. cardiac output
D. blood pressure
E. force of contraction
A

B. parasympathetic action

23
Q

Which of the following statements about the blood vessels is wrong?

(a) The veins carry blood back to heart.
(b) Arterioles got smooth muscles that help regulate both the blood pressure and the flow.
(c) Both veins and arteries are made of three layers and veins have valves in the inner most layer, but arteries don’t.
(d) Capillaries are so thin that the flow rate is higher in there.
(e) Capillaries have only got two thinner layers which support the diffusion of gas.

A

d

24
Q 
Blood transported by the pulmonary veins returns to the... (1p)
A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.
E) None of the above.
A

A) left atrium

25
Q 
Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue is the function of the... 
A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) veins.
D) venules.
E) capillaries
A

E) capillaries

26
Q 
Which of the following characteristics would NOT commonly be observed in a well-trained endurance athlete? (1p)
A) physiological cardiomegaly
B) resting bradycardia
C) increased stroke volume
D) decreased heart rate
E) increased resting cardiac output
A

A) physiological cardiomegaly

27
Q

An aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation (=widening) of a specific type of organ. Which?

A

A blood vessel. More commonly seen in an artery than a vein.

28
Q

Another word for hypodermis

A

subcutaneous layer

29
Q

The skin gets it colors from

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

30
Q

Glands that stimulates hair roots

A

Apocrine sweat gland

31
Q

Gland that secrets sweat

A

Eccrine sweat gland

32
Q

Which muscle helps the hair to rise

A

Arrector pili muscle

33
Q

gland that secretes oil

A

Sebaceous (oil) gland

34
Q

The layer between epidermis and dermis is called

A

Derma papilla

35
Q

What is fossa ovalis and what is it good for?

A

Öppningen behövs för att syresatt blod kommer till fostret genom moderkakan och navelsträngen utan att passera fostrets lilla kretslopp. Genom foramen ovale kringgås detta så blodet från placentan (moderkakan) istället kommer direkt ut i stora kretsloppet. Vid födseln då barnet drar sitt första andetag så sluts denna öppning och läker till fossa ovalis (en grop i väggen mellan höger och vänster förmak). Om barnet föds mycket för tidigt och lungorna är omogna så kan vårdpersonalen direkt i samband med födseln sätta en så kallad navelkateter och ge barnet hjälp med näring och läkemedel den vägen direkt i blodet.

36
Q

Which two part of the aorta is on each sides of the arch of aorta?

A

Descending aorta and ascending aorta

Medicine for engineers (11 decks)

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