Respiratory System Flashcards
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists Examples
Albuterol
Formoterol
Salmeterol
Terbutaline
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist Precautions
contraindicated for clients with tachydysrhythmias
use caution with diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, heart disease, hypertension, angina
beta blockers will reduce effects
MAOIs will increase effects
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist Complications
tachycardia
palpitations
tremors
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists Administration
use caution against using more frequently than every 12 hrs
Methylxanthines Examples
aminophylline
theophylline
Methylxanthines indications
relief of bronchospasm
long term control of asthma
Methylxanthines Precautions
Contraindicated with acitve peptic ulcer disease
Use caution with diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, heart disease, hypertension, angina
Phenobarbital and phenytoin decrease theophylline levels
caffeine, furosemide, cimetidine, fluoroquinolones, acetaminophen, phenylbutazone falsely elevate therapeutic levels
Methylxanthines Complications
Irritability and restlessness
Methylxanthines Administration
monitor therapeutic levels for aminophylline and theophylline avoid caffeine intake monitor for signs of toxicity smoking will decrease effects alcohol abuse will increase effects
Methylxanthines Toxicity
Symptoms: tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures
Treatment: stop parenteral infusion, activated charcoal for oral overdose, lidocaine for dysrhythmias, diazepam to control seizures
Inhaled Anticholinergics Examples
Ipratropium
Tiotropium
Inhaled Anticholinergics Indications
prevent bronchospasm
manage allergen or exercise induced asthma
COPD
Inhaled Anticholinergics Precautions
contraindicated for clients with peanut allergy
use caution with narrow angle glaucoma and BPH
do not use for treatment of acute bronchospasms
Inhaled Anticholinergics Complications
dry mouth and eyes
urinary retention
Inhaled Anticholinergics Administration
maximum effects may take up to 2 weeks
shake inhaler well before administration
when using two different inhaled medications, wait 5 minutes between
if administered via nebulizer, use within 1 hour of reconstitution
Inhaled Glucocorticoids Examples
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Triamcinolone
Inhaled Glucocorticoids Indications
acute asthma
chronic asthma
Inhaled Glucocorticoids Precautions
do not stop medication abruptly
Inhaled Glucocorticoids Complications
euphoria, insomnia, psychotic behavior hyperglycemia peptic ulcer fluid retention withdrawal symptoms increased appetite
Inhaled Glucocorticoids Administration
diabetes mellitus may require higher doses
do not take with NSAIDs
Leukotriene Modifiers Examples
Montelukast
Zileuton
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene Modifiers Indications
long term asthma management
prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm
Leukotriene Precautions
Do not use for acute asthma attack monitor for risk of liver disease chewable tablets contain phenylalanine warfarin and theophylline toxicity may increase levels of beta blockers leading to hypotension and bradycardia
Leukotriene Modifiers Complications
elevated liver enzymes
Leukotriene Modifiers Administration
Do not stop abruptly
take daily in the evening
do not decrease or stop taking other prescribed asthma drugs until instructed
Antitussives Examples
hydrocodone
codeine
Antitussives Indications
chronic nonproductive cough
Antitussives Precautions
do not use in children under 2
opioids have potential for abuse
use caution with OTC medications
Antitussives Complications
drowsiness
dizziness
constipation
Antitussives Administration
monitor cough frequency, effort, ability to expectorate
monitor secretions
auscultate for adventitious lung sounds
promote fluid intake
Expectorants Examples
Guaifenesin
Expectorants Indication
often combined with other agents to manage respiratory disorders
Expectorants Precautions
do not use in children under 2
use caution with OTC medications
Expectorants Complications
drowsiness
dizziness
constipation
Expectorants Administration
monitor cough frequency, effort, ability to expectorate
monitor secretions
auscultate for adventitious lung sounds
promote fluid intake
Mucolytics Examples
acetylcysteine
hypertonic saline
Mucolytics Indications
acute and chronic pulmonary disorders with copious secretions
cystic fibrosis
acetylcysteine antidote for acetaminophen poisoning
Mucolytics Precautions
saline solutions only for children under 2
use caution with OTC medications
Mucolytics Complications
drowsiness
dizziness
aspiration and bronchospasm
constipation
Mucolytics Administration
monitor cough frequency, effort, ability to expectorate
monitor secretions
auscultate for adventitious lung sounds
promote fluid intake
Decongestants Examples
phenylnephrine
pseudoephedrine
naphazoline
Decongestants Indications
allergic rhinitis
sinusitis
common cold
Decongestants Precautions
use caution in clients with HTN, glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, urinary retention
children may have symptoms of excitation, hallucinations, incoordination, seizures
avoid alcohol intake
products taking pseudoephedrine should not be used longer than 7 days
Decongestants Complication
anticholinergic effects
drowsiness
Decongestants Administration
Assess for hypokalemia
monitor blood pressure
teach clients to manage anticholinergic effects
advise to take at night
Antihistamines examples
diphenhydramine loratadine cetirizine fexofenadine desloratadine
Antihistamine Indications
relieve/prevent hypersensitivity reactions
Antihistamine Precautions
use caution in clients with HTN, glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, urinary retention
children may have symptoms of excitation, hallucinations, incoordination, seizures
avoid alcohol intake
products taking pseudoephedrine should not be used longer than 7 days
Antihistamine Complications
anticholinergic effects
drowsiness
Antihistamine Administration
Assess for hypokalemia
monitor blood pressure
teach clients to manage anticholinergic effects
advise to take at night
