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Pharmacology > Hematologic System > Flashcards

Hematologic System Flashcards

1
Q

Whole Blood Administration

A

give over 2-4 hours

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2
Q

Whole Blood Indications

A 
hemorrhage
surgery
trauma
burns
shock
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3
Q

Whole Blood Complications

A 
acute hemolytic reaction
fever
anaphylactic reaction
mild allergic reaction
hypervolemia
sepsis
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4
Q

Packed RBCs Administration

A

give over 2-4 hours

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5
Q

Packed RBCs Indications

A

severe anemia
hemoglobinopathies
hemolytic anemia
erythroblastosis fetalis

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6
Q

Packed RBCs Complications

A 
acute hemolytic reaction
fever
anaphylactic reaction
mild allergic reaction
sepsis
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7
Q

Platelets Administration

A

give over 15-30 minutes

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8
Q

Platelets Indications

A 
low platelet count
active bleeding
thrombocytopenia
aplastic anemia
bone marrow suppression
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9
Q

Platelets Complications

A

fever

sepsis

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10
Q

Fresh Frozen Plasma Administration

A

give over 30-60 minutes

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11
Q

Fresh Frozen Plasma Indications

A 
replace clotting factors
hemorrhage
burns
shock
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
reverse effects of warfarin
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12
Q

Fresh Frozen Plasma Complications

A 
acute hemolytic reaction
fever
anaphylactic reaction
mild allergic reaction
hypervolemia
sepsis
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13
Q

Pheresed Granulocytes Administration

A

Give over 45-60 minutes

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14
Q

Pheresed Granulocytes Indications

A

severe neutropenia
neonatal sepsis
neutrophil dysfunction

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15
Q

Pheresed Granulocytes Complications

A 
acute hemolytic reaction
fever
anaphylactic reaction
mild allergic reaction
hypervolemia
sepsis
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16
Q

Albumin Administration

A

5% 1-10 mL/min

25% 4mL/min

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17
Q

Albumin Indications

A 
expand volume via oncotic changes
hypovolemia
hypoalbuminemia
burns
severe nephrosis
hemolytic disease of newborn
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18
Q

Albumin Complications

A

hypervolemia

pulmonary edema

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19
Q

Blood Products Administration

A

Client ID, name, blood type must be verified by two nurses
must obtain baseline vital signs including temperature
must use 18- or 20- gauge catheter
use 0.9% NS to prime tubing
stay with client for first 15 minutes following administration
if reaction occurs: stop infusion, take vitals, infuse 0.9NS, call provider, send blood to lab for analysis

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20
Q

Epoetin Alfa Indications

A

stimulate RBC production

anemia related to chronic kidney disease, retrovir therapy, chemotherapy

21
Q

Epoetin Alfa Complications

A

hypertension

22
Q

Epoetin Alfa Administration

A

subcutaneous or IV
do not agitate vial
monitor Hgb and Hct

23
Q

Filgrastim/Pegfilgrastim Indications

A

stimulate WBC production

neutropenia related to cancer

24
Q

Filgrastim/Pegfilgrastim Complications

A

bone pain

leukocytosis

25
Q

Filgrastim/Pegfilgrastim Administration

A 
subcutaneous injection (filgrastim), IV (pegfilgrastim)
do not agitate vial
monitor CBC
26
Q

Oprelvekin Indications

A

stimulate platelet production

thrombocytopenia related to cancer

27
Q

Oprelvekin Complications

A

fluid retention
blurred vision
cardiac dysrhythmia

28
Q

Oprelvekin Administration

A

administer within 6-24 hours after chemotherapy

subcutaneous injection

29
Q

Iron preparations Administrations

A

dilute liquid preparations with juice or water and administer with plastic straw/syringe
encourage orange juice fortified with vitamin C (vitamin C facilitates absorption)
avoid antacids, coffee, tea, dairy products, whole grain breads concurrently or for 1 hr after administration
monitor for constipation and GI upset
for IM injection use Z-track, do not massage injection site, never use deltoid
for IV administration use test dose first

30
Q

Anticoagulants Examples

A 
Heparin
Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin)
warfarin
dabigatran
rivaroxaban
31
Q

Heparin/Enoxaparin Indications

A 
stroke
pulmonary embolism
deep vein thrombosis
cardiac catheterization
MI
DIC
32
Q

Warfarin Indications

A

venous thrombosis
prevent thrombus formation for clients who have atrial fibrillation or prosthetic heart valves
prevent recurrent MI
prevent transient ischemic attacks

33
Q

Heparin/Enoxaparin Precautions

A

administer subcutaneously or IV
incompatible with many medications
avoid NSAIDs, aspirin, medications containing salicylates

34
Q

Warfarin Precautions

A

Pregnancy Category X
contraindicated in thrombocytopenia, vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, alcohol use disorder
decreased effects with phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, oral contraceptives
food high in vitamin K may decrease effects

35
Q

Heparin/Enoxaparin Complications

A

hemorrhage
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
toxicity/overdose

36
Q

Warfarin Complications

A

hemorrhage

toxicity/overdose

37
Q

Heparin/Enoxaparin Administration

A

Heparin: monitor aPTT every 4-6 hours for IV administration
monitor for signs of bleeding, implement bleeding precautions
administer subcutaneous to abdomen, 2 inches from umbilicus, do not massage or aspirate
rotate injection sites and observe for bleeding or hematoma
administer protamine sulfate for toxicity

38
Q

Warfarin Administration

A

administer once daily
monitor INR or PT
avoid NSAIDs and medications with aspirin
wear medical alert bracelet, bleeding precautions
administer vitamin K for toxicity
ginger, garlic, gingko, ginseng may increase risk of bleeding
avoid alcohol

39
Q

Antiplatelets Examples

A 
Aspirin
Abciximab
Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine
Pentoxifylline
Dipyridamole
40
Q

Antiplatelets Indications

A

prevention of acute MI or acute coronary syndrome
prevent stroke
intermittent claudication

41
Q

Antiplatelets Precautions

A

contraindicated in thrombocytopenia

use caution in peptic ulcer disease

42
Q

Antiplatelets Complications

A

prolonged bleeding
gastric bleeding
thrombocytopendia

43
Q

Antiplatelets Administration

A

monitor for signs of prolonged bleeding

report tarry stool, ecchymosis

44
Q

Thrombolytics Examples

A

Alteplase
Tenecteplase
Reteplase

45
Q

Thrombolytics Indications

A

Acute myocardial infarction
deep vein thrombosis
massive pulmonary emboli
ischemic stroke

46
Q

Thrombolytics Precautions

A

contraindicated in intracranial hemorrhage, active internal bleeding, aortic dissection, brain tumors
use caution with severe hypertension
concurrent use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications increases risk for bleeding

47
Q

Thrombolytics Complications

A

serious bleeding risks from recent wounds, puncture sites, weakened vessels
hypotension
possible anaphylactic reaction

48
Q

Thrombolytics Administration

A

administration must take place within 4-6 hrs of onset
continuous monitoring is acquired
clients will begin anticoagulant therapy to prevent repeat thrombotic event

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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