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Pharmacology > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Antacids Examples

A

Aluminum hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
Sodium Bicarbonate

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2
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide Complications

A

constipation

hypophosphatemia

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3
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide Complications

A

Diarrhea
Renal Impairment
Hypermagnesemia

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4
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Complications

A

Constipation

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5
Q

Antacids Indications

A

peptic ulcer disease

GERD

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6
Q

Antacids Precautions

A

prolonged use can result in hypophosphatemia

can decrease medication absorption

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7
Q

Antacids Administration

A

use only aluminum based preparations in renal impairment
other medications should be taken 1 hr before or after antacids
older adults with poor nutritional status are at increased risk of hypophosphatemia
do not self prescribe antacids for longer than 2 weeks

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8
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Examples

A

Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
Rabeprazole sodium
Esomeprazole

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9
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Indications

A

gastric and duodenal ulcers
GERD
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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10
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Precautions

A

contraindicated during lactation

use caution with COPD

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11
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Complications

A

increased risk of osteoporosis with long term use
pneumonia in COPD clients
acid rebound

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12
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Administration

A 
Seek appropriate care even when taking OTC preparations
take prior to eating
do not crush, chew, break tablets
notify prescriber of signs of GI bleed
modify diet as prescribed
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13
Q

Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists Examples

A

Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Cimetidine
Nizatidine
Famotidine

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14
Q

Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists Indications

A

Gastric and duodenal ulcers
GERD
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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15
Q

Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists Precautions

A

Contraindicated during lactation

use caution in COPD

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16
Q

Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonist Complications

A

decreased libido/impotence
lethargy
depression
confusion

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17
Q

Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonist Administration

A 
Seek appropriate care even when taking OTC preparations
take prior to eating
do not crush, chew, break tablets
notify prescriber of signs of GI bleed
modify diet as prescribed
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18
Q

Sucralfate Classification

A

Mucosal Protectats

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19
Q

Sucralfate Indications

A

gastric and duodenal ulcers

GERD

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20
Q

Sucralfate Precautions

A

chronic renal failure

21
Q

Sucralfate Administration

A

administer on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before meals

Do not administer within 30 min of antacids

22
Q

Antiemetics Indications

A

nausea/vomiting

23
Q

Antiemetics Examples

A

promethazine
metoclopramide
ondansetron
scopolamine

24
Q

Promethazine Complications

A

drowsiness
anticholinergic effects
severe respiratory depression in children <2
EPS
potentiates effects when given with narcotics

25
Q

Promethazine Precautions

A

cardiovascular disease

hepatic disease

26
Q

Promethazine Administration

A

monitor vital signs
safety precautions
give IM in large muscles

27
Q

Metoclopramide Complications

A 
drowsiness
diarrhea
restlessness
EPS
tardive dyskinesia
28
Q

Metoclopramide Precautions

A

seizures
cardiovascular disease
pheochromocytoma

29
Q

Metoclopramide Administration

A

Instruct client about rapid GI emptying

discontinue with signs of EPS

30
Q

Ondansetron Complications

A

Headache

EPS

31
Q

Ondansetron Interventions

A

Administer tablets 30 min prior to chemotherapy and 1-2 hr before radiation

32
Q

Ondansetron Precautions

A

risk for dysrhythmia

do not administer to clients with prolonged QT interval

33
Q

Scopolamine Complications

A

blurred vision
sedation
anticholinergic effects

34
Q

Scopolamine Precautions

A

increased mydriatic effect causes increased occular pressure

use caution with glaucoma

35
Q

Scopolamine Interventions

A

apply transdermal patches behind ear

use lubricating eye drops

36
Q

Antidiarrheals Examples

A

Diphenoxylate plus atropine
Loperamide
Paregoric

37
Q

Antidiarrheals Indications

A

management of diarrhea

38
Q

Antidiarrheals Precautions

A

increased risk of megacolon for clients who have IBS

contraindicated in clients with COPD (paregoric)

39
Q

Antidiarrheals Complications

A

constipation
drowsiness
dry mouth
blurred vision

40
Q

Antidiarrheals Administration

A

monitor fluid and electrolyte status

avoid caffeine intake

41
Q

Stool Softeners/Laxatives Examples

A

Psyllium
Docusate sodium
Bisacodyl
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)

42
Q

Psyllium Indication

A

decrease diarrhea (bulk forming)

43
Q

Ducosate Sodium Indication

A

relieve constipation (surfactant)

44
Q

Bisacodyl Indication

A

preprocedure colon evaculation (stimulant)

45
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Indication

A

Prevent painful elimination (low dose osmotic)

Promote rapid evacuation (high dose osmotic)

46
Q

Stool Softeners/Laxatives Precautions

A

contraindicated in clients with fecal impaction, bowel obstruction
most laxatives are contraindicated in clients with ulcerative colitis and diverticulitis (psyllium may be used)

47
Q

Stool Softeners/Laxatives Complications

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalances
GI irritation
can lead to toxic levels of magnesium
fluid retention (laxatives with sodium)

48
Q

Stool Softeners/Laxatives Administration

A

Contraindicated with fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, acute surgical abdomen
encourage regular exercise and promote regular bowel elimination
monitor for chronic laxative use/abuse
provide adequate fluid and fiber intake to avoid obstruction

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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