Cardiovascular System Flashcards
ACE Inhibitor Examples
Captopril Enalapril Enalaprilat Fosinopril Lisinopril
ARBS Inhibitors Examples
Losartan
Valsartan
Irbesartan
ACE Inhibitors Indications
Hypertension
Heart Failure
MI
Diabetic Nephropathy
ARBS Inhibitors Indications
Hypertension
Heart Failure
MI
Diabetic Nephropathy
ACE Inhibitors Precautions
Use caution with diuretic therapy
Monitor potassium levels
pregnancy
ARBS Inhibitors Precautions
Use caution with diuretic therapy
Monitor potassium levels
pregnancy
ACE Inhibitors Complications
persistent nonproductive cough
angioedema
hypotension
ARBS Inhibitors Complications
hypotension
angioedema
ACE inhibitor Administration
take 1 hour before meals
monitor blood pressure
monitor for angioedema, give epinephrine if develops
ARBS Inhibitor Administration
monitor blood pressure
monitor for angioedema, give epinephrine if develops
Calcium Channel Blockers Examples
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Amlodipine
Calcium Channel Blockers Indications
angina
hypertension
a-fib, a-flutter, SVT
Calcium Channel Blockers Precautions
use caution with digoxin and beta blockers
contraindicated in heart failure, heart block, bradycardia
do not consume grapefruit juice
Calcium Channel Blockers Complications
Constipation
Reflex tachycardia
Peripheral edema
toxicity
Calcium Channel Blockers Administration
slowly taper dose when discontinuing
monitor heart rate and blood pressure
administer IV injection over 2-3 min
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Examples
Prazosin
Doxazosin mesylate
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Indications
Primary hypertension
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Precautions
Increased risk of hypotension and syncope if given with other antihypertensives, beta blockers, diuretics
NSAIDs may decrease effects prazosin
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Complications
Dizziness
Fainting
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Administration
monitor heart rate and blood pressure
take medications at bedtime to minimize effects of hypotension
consult doctor before taking OTC medications
Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Examples
Clonidine
Guanfacine
Methyldopa
Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Indications
Primary hypertension
Hypertensive crisis
Severe cancer pain
Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Precautions
Contraindicated with anticoagulation therapy, MAOIs
Contraindicated with liver failure, breastfeeding
Use caution with CVA, MI, diabetes mellitus, major depression, chronic renal failure
Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Complications
dry mouth drowsiness and sedation rebound hypertension black or sore tongue leukopenia
Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Administration
monitor for adverse CNS effects
monitor CBC, heart rate, blood pressure
assess for weight gain and edema
monitor closely for rebound hypertension 48hrs after discontinuing medication
take at bedtime to minimize effects of hypotension
notify provider of involuntary jerky movements, prolonged dizziness, rash, jaundice
Beta Adrenergic Blockers Examples
Metoprolol Atenolol Propranolol Nadolol Labetalol
Beta Adrenergic Blockers Indications
Primary hypertension angina tachydysrhythmias heart failure MI
Beta Adrenergic Blockers Precautions
Contraindicated in AV block, sinus bradycardia, asthma, bronchospasm, heart failure
may mask effects of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus
Beta Adrenergic Blockers Complications
bradycardia
nasal stuffiness
AV block
bronchospasm
Beta Adrenergic Blockers Administration
do not stop abruptly as may induce rebound myocardium excitation
hold medication if systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg or pulse less than 60 bpm
monitor diabetic clients for indication of hypoglycemia
Vasodilators Examples
Nitroglycerin
Enalaprilat
Nitroprusside
Hydralazine
Vasodilators Indications
Hypertensive emergencies
Vasodilators Precautions
hepatic or renal disease
elderly
electrolyte imbalances
Vasodilators Complications
Dizziness
Headache
Profound hypotension
Cyanide toxicity/thiocyanate poisoning
Vasodilators Administration
continuous EKG and blood pressure monitoring
keep medication covered
discard unused medication after 24 hrs
Digoxin Indications
Heart failure
Atrial fibrillation
Digoxin Precautions
Thiazide of loop diuretics increase risk of hypokalemia and precipitate digoxin toxicity
ACE and ARBs increase risk of hyperkalemia
Verapamil increases risk of toxicity
Digoxin Toxicity
anorexia, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain
fatigue/weakness
diplopia, blurred vision, halos around object
Digoxin Administration
Assess apical pulse for 1 minute prior to administration, do not give if less than 60 bpm (70 bpm for child, 90 bpm for infant)
monitor for signs of digoxin toxicity, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
maintain therapeutic digoxin level: 0.6-1.2
Digoxin Toxicity Treatment
discontinue digoxin and potassium wasting medication
treat dysrhythmias with phenytoin or lidocaine
treat bradycardia with atropine
Digoxin immune FAB if overdose
Nitrates Indications
Acute angina attack
prophylaxis of chronic stable or variant angina
Nitrates Precautions
contraindicated in clients with head injury
hypotensive risk with antihypertensive medications
contraindicated if taking erectile dysfunction medications
Nitrates Complications
headache
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
tolerance
Nitrates Administration
administer sublingual
rest 5 minutes, if pain not relieved call 911 and administer second tablet, may take up to 3 tablets
keep in dark container
may be taken prophylactically before exercise
wear gloves before administering topical ointment
rotate skin sites, usually worn 12-14 hours and then removed
Adenosine Class
Antidysrhythmic
Adenosine Indications
convert SVT to sinus rhythm
Adenosine Complications
flushing
nausea
bronchospasm
prolonged asystole
Adenosine Administration
Rapid IV push over 1-2 sec
flush immediately with normal saline
Amiodarone Class
Antidysrhythmics
Amiodarone Indications
Ventricular fibrillation
Unstable ventricular tachycardia
Amiodarone Complications
Bradycardia
cardiogenic shock
pulmondary disorders
Amiodarone Administration
incompatible with heparin
may be given in PO maintenance dose
monitor for respiratory complications
Atropine Class
Antidysrhythmics
Atropine Indications
bradycardia
known exposure to chemical nerve agents
reduce secretions
Atropine Complications
dry mouth blurred vision photophobia urinary retention constipation
Atropine Administration
when used for life threatening emergency, has no contraindications
Statin Examples
Atorvastatin Simvastatin Lovastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Fluvastatin
Statin Indications
hypercholesterolemia
prevention of coronary events
Statin Complications
muscle aches
hepatotoxicity
rhabdomyolysis
peripheral neuropathy
Statin Precautions
prolonged bleeding in clients taking warfarin
drug interactions with: digoxin, warfarin, thyroid hormones, thiazide diuretics, phenobarbital, NSAIDs, tetracycline, beta blockers, gemfibrozil, glipizide, glyburide, oral contraceptives, phenytoin
do not administer with grapefruit juice
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Example
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Administration
take 2 hours before or 4 hours after other antilipemics
risk of liver damage increased when combined with statins
Statins Administration
take medication in the evening when cholesterol synthesis increases
monitor liver and renal function labs
low-fat/high fiber diet