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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

ACE Inhibitor Examples

A 
Captopril
Enalapril
Enalaprilat
Fosinopril
Lisinopril
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2
Q

ARBS Inhibitors Examples

A

Losartan
Valsartan
Irbesartan

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3
Q

ACE Inhibitors Indications

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure
MI
Diabetic Nephropathy

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4
Q

ARBS Inhibitors Indications

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure
MI
Diabetic Nephropathy

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitors Precautions

A

Use caution with diuretic therapy
Monitor potassium levels
pregnancy

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6
Q

ARBS Inhibitors Precautions

A

Use caution with diuretic therapy
Monitor potassium levels
pregnancy

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7
Q

ACE Inhibitors Complications

A

persistent nonproductive cough
angioedema
hypotension

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8
Q

ARBS Inhibitors Complications

A

hypotension

angioedema

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9
Q

ACE inhibitor Administration

A

take 1 hour before meals
monitor blood pressure
monitor for angioedema, give epinephrine if develops

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10
Q

ARBS Inhibitor Administration

A

monitor blood pressure

monitor for angioedema, give epinephrine if develops

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11
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Examples

A

Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Amlodipine

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Indications

A

angina
hypertension
a-fib, a-flutter, SVT

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Precautions

A

use caution with digoxin and beta blockers
contraindicated in heart failure, heart block, bradycardia
do not consume grapefruit juice

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14
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Complications

A

Constipation
Reflex tachycardia
Peripheral edema
toxicity

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15
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Administration

A

slowly taper dose when discontinuing
monitor heart rate and blood pressure
administer IV injection over 2-3 min

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16
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Examples

A

Prazosin

Doxazosin mesylate

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17
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Indications

A

Primary hypertension

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18
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Precautions

A

Increased risk of hypotension and syncope if given with other antihypertensives, beta blockers, diuretics
NSAIDs may decrease effects prazosin

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19
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Complications

A

Dizziness

Fainting

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20
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Administration

A

monitor heart rate and blood pressure
take medications at bedtime to minimize effects of hypotension
consult doctor before taking OTC medications

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21
Q

Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Examples

A

Clonidine
Guanfacine
Methyldopa

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22
Q

Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Indications

A

Primary hypertension
Hypertensive crisis
Severe cancer pain

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23
Q

Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Precautions

A

Contraindicated with anticoagulation therapy, MAOIs
Contraindicated with liver failure, breastfeeding
Use caution with CVA, MI, diabetes mellitus, major depression, chronic renal failure

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24
Q

Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Complications

A 
dry mouth
drowsiness and sedation
rebound hypertension
black or sore tongue
leukopenia
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25
Q

Central Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Administration

A

monitor for adverse CNS effects
monitor CBC, heart rate, blood pressure
assess for weight gain and edema
monitor closely for rebound hypertension 48hrs after discontinuing medication
take at bedtime to minimize effects of hypotension
notify provider of involuntary jerky movements, prolonged dizziness, rash, jaundice

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26
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers Examples

A 
Metoprolol
Atenolol
Propranolol
Nadolol
Labetalol
27
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers Indications

A 
Primary hypertension
angina
tachydysrhythmias
heart failure
MI
28
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers Precautions

A

Contraindicated in AV block, sinus bradycardia, asthma, bronchospasm, heart failure
may mask effects of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus

29
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers Complications

A

bradycardia
nasal stuffiness
AV block
bronchospasm

30
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers Administration

A

do not stop abruptly as may induce rebound myocardium excitation
hold medication if systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg or pulse less than 60 bpm
monitor diabetic clients for indication of hypoglycemia

31
Q

Vasodilators Examples

A

Nitroglycerin
Enalaprilat
Nitroprusside
Hydralazine

32
Q

Vasodilators Indications

A

Hypertensive emergencies

33
Q

Vasodilators Precautions

A

hepatic or renal disease
elderly
electrolyte imbalances

34
Q

Vasodilators Complications

A

Dizziness
Headache
Profound hypotension
Cyanide toxicity/thiocyanate poisoning

35
Q

Vasodilators Administration

A

continuous EKG and blood pressure monitoring
keep medication covered
discard unused medication after 24 hrs

36
Q

Digoxin Indications

A

Heart failure

Atrial fibrillation

37
Q

Digoxin Precautions

A

Thiazide of loop diuretics increase risk of hypokalemia and precipitate digoxin toxicity
ACE and ARBs increase risk of hyperkalemia
Verapamil increases risk of toxicity

38
Q

Digoxin Toxicity

A

anorexia, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain
fatigue/weakness
diplopia, blurred vision, halos around object

39
Q

Digoxin Administration

A

Assess apical pulse for 1 minute prior to administration, do not give if less than 60 bpm (70 bpm for child, 90 bpm for infant)
monitor for signs of digoxin toxicity, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
maintain therapeutic digoxin level: 0.6-1.2

40
Q

Digoxin Toxicity Treatment

A

discontinue digoxin and potassium wasting medication
treat dysrhythmias with phenytoin or lidocaine
treat bradycardia with atropine
Digoxin immune FAB if overdose

41
Q

Nitrates Indications

A

Acute angina attack

prophylaxis of chronic stable or variant angina

42
Q

Nitrates Precautions

A

contraindicated in clients with head injury
hypotensive risk with antihypertensive medications
contraindicated if taking erectile dysfunction medications

43
Q

Nitrates Complications

A

headache
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
tolerance

44
Q

Nitrates Administration

A

administer sublingual
rest 5 minutes, if pain not relieved call 911 and administer second tablet, may take up to 3 tablets
keep in dark container
may be taken prophylactically before exercise
wear gloves before administering topical ointment
rotate skin sites, usually worn 12-14 hours and then removed

45
Q

Adenosine Class

A

Antidysrhythmic

46
Q

Adenosine Indications

A

convert SVT to sinus rhythm

47
Q

Adenosine Complications

A

flushing
nausea
bronchospasm
prolonged asystole

48
Q

Adenosine Administration

A

Rapid IV push over 1-2 sec

flush immediately with normal saline

49
Q

Amiodarone Class

A

Antidysrhythmics

50
Q

Amiodarone Indications

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Unstable ventricular tachycardia

51
Q

Amiodarone Complications

A

Bradycardia
cardiogenic shock
pulmondary disorders

52
Q

Amiodarone Administration

A

incompatible with heparin
may be given in PO maintenance dose
monitor for respiratory complications

53
Q

Atropine Class

A

Antidysrhythmics

54
Q

Atropine Indications

A

bradycardia
known exposure to chemical nerve agents
reduce secretions

55
Q

Atropine Complications

A 
dry mouth
blurred vision
photophobia
urinary retention
constipation
56
Q

Atropine Administration

A

when used for life threatening emergency, has no contraindications

57
Q

Statin Examples

A 
Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Fluvastatin
58
Q

Statin Indications

A

hypercholesterolemia

prevention of coronary events

59
Q

Statin Complications

A

muscle aches
hepatotoxicity
rhabdomyolysis
peripheral neuropathy

60
Q

Statin Precautions

A

prolonged bleeding in clients taking warfarin
drug interactions with: digoxin, warfarin, thyroid hormones, thiazide diuretics, phenobarbital, NSAIDs, tetracycline, beta blockers, gemfibrozil, glipizide, glyburide, oral contraceptives, phenytoin
do not administer with grapefruit juice

61
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Example

A

Ezetimibe

62
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Administration

A

take 2 hours before or 4 hours after other antilipemics

risk of liver damage increased when combined with statins

63
Q

Statins Administration

A

take medication in the evening when cholesterol synthesis increases
monitor liver and renal function labs
low-fat/high fiber diet

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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