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Pharmacology > Antibiotics and Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides Examples

A

amikacin
gentamicin sulfate
streptomycin

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2
Q

Aminoglycosides Indications

A

septicemia
meningitis
pneumonia

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides Precautions

A

high risk for ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
monitor creatinine and BUN
monitor trough levels

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4
Q

Cephalosporins Examples

A

Cephalexin
Cefaclor
Cefotaxime

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5
Q

Cephalosporins Indications

A

upper respiratory, skin, urinary tract infections

used as prophylaxis for clients at risk

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6
Q

Cephalosporins Precautions

A

cross sensitivity with penicillins

monitor for signs of C. diff

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7
Q

Fluoroquinolones Examples

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

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8
Q

Fluoroquinolones Indications

A 
bronchitis
chlamydia
gonorrhea
PID
UTI
pneumonia
prostatitis
sinusitis
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9
Q

Fluoroquinolones Precautions

A

use caution with hepatic, renal, seizure disorders

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10
Q

Macrolides Examples

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

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11
Q

Macrolides Indications

A 
upper respiratory infections
sinusitis
Legionnaires' disease
whooping cough
acute diphtheria
chlamydia
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12
Q

Macrolides Precautions

A

used with penicillin allergy

administer with meals

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13
Q

Nitrofurantoin Indications

A

UTI

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14
Q

Nitrofurantoin Precautions

A

broad spectrum
contraindicated in renal dysfunction
urine will have brown discoloration

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15
Q

Penicillins Examples

A

Penicillin
Amoxacillin
Ampicillin

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16
Q

Penicillins Indications

A 
penumonia
upper respiratory infections
septicemia
endocarditis
rheumatic fever
gynocologic infections
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17
Q

Penicillins Precautions

A

hypersensitivity with possible anaphylaxis

18
Q

Sulfonamides Examples

A

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

19
Q

Sulfonamides Indications

A

UTI
bronchitis
otitis media

20
Q

Sulfonamides Precautions

A

consume at least 3L of fluid daily
use backup contraceptives
avoid sun exposure

21
Q

Tetracyclines Examples

A

doxycyclin

tetracycline

22
Q

Tetracyclines Indications

A

fungal infection
bacterial infections
protozoal infections
rickettsial infections

23
Q

Tetracyclines Precautions

A

consume at least 3L/day
use back-up contraceptives
avoid sun exposure
permanent tooth discoloration if given to children younger than 8 years

24
Q

Vancomycin Indications

A

MRSA
bacterial infection
C. diff infections

25
Q

Vancomycin Precautions

A

contradicted in corn allergy
use caution in ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
administer over 1 hr IV to prevent red man syndrome
monitor trough levels

26
Q

Antifungal Medications Example

A

fluconazole

27
Q

Antifungal Medications Indications

A

Candidiasis Infection

28
Q

Antifungal Medications Precautions

A

monitor hepatic and renal function
refrigerate suspensions
increased risk of bleeding for clients taking anticoagulants

29
Q

Antimalarials Examples

A

hydroxychloroquine

quinine sulfate

30
Q

Antimalarials Indciations

A

malaria
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic lupus

31
Q

Antimalarials Precautions

A

increased risk of psoriasis

monitor for drug induced retinopathy

32
Q

Antiprotozoal Examples

A

Metronidazole

33
Q

Antiprotozoal Indications

A 
Trichomoniasis and giardiasis
C. diff
amebic dysentery
PID
vaginosis
34
Q

Antiprotozoal Precautions

A

Take with food

do not consume alcohol during therapy or 48 hr after completion of regimen

35
Q

Antituberculars Example

A

Isoniazid

Rifampin

36
Q

Antituberculars Indications

A

prevention and treatment of TB
Latent TB 6-9 months
Active TB multiple therapy up to 24 months

37
Q

Antituberculars Precautions

A

risk for neuropathies and hepatotoxicity
consume foods high in vitamin B6
avoid foods with tyramine
increased risk of phenytoin toxicity
avoid alcohol
discoloration of urine, saliva, sweat, tears
breaks down plastic disposable contact lenses

38
Q

Antiretrovirals Examples

A

Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Zidovudine

39
Q

Antiretrovirals Indications

A

genital herpes
shingles
HIV

40
Q

Antiretrovirals Indications

A

admininster with food
increase fluid intake
begin therapy with first onset of symptoms

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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