Antibiotics and Antimicrobials

Question 1

Aminoglycosides Examples

Answer 1

amikacin
gentamicin sulfate
streptomycin

Question 2

Aminoglycosides Indications

Answer 2

septicemia
meningitis
pneumonia

Question 3

Aminoglycosides Precautions

Answer 3

high risk for ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
monitor creatinine and BUN
monitor trough levels

Question 4

Cephalosporins Examples

Answer 4

Cephalexin
Cefaclor
Cefotaxime

Question 5

Cephalosporins Indications

Answer 5

upper respiratory, skin, urinary tract infections

used as prophylaxis for clients at risk

Question 6

Cephalosporins Precautions

Answer 6

cross sensitivity with penicillins

monitor for signs of C. diff

Question 7

Fluoroquinolones Examples

Answer 7

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Question 8

Fluoroquinolones Indications

Answer 8

bronchitis
chlamydia
gonorrhea
PID
UTI
pneumonia
prostatitis
sinusitis

Question 9

Fluoroquinolones Precautions

Answer 9

use caution with hepatic, renal, seizure disorders

Question 10

Macrolides Examples

Answer 10

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

Question 11

Macrolides Indications

Answer 11

upper respiratory infections
sinusitis
Legionnaires' disease
whooping cough
acute diphtheria
chlamydia

Question 12

Macrolides Precautions

Answer 12

used with penicillin allergy

administer with meals

Question 13

Nitrofurantoin Indications

Answer 13

UTI

Question 14

Nitrofurantoin Precautions

Answer 14

broad spectrum
contraindicated in renal dysfunction
urine will have brown discoloration

Question 15

Penicillins Examples

Answer 15

Penicillin
Amoxacillin
Ampicillin

Question 16

Penicillins Indications

Answer 16

penumonia
upper respiratory infections
septicemia
endocarditis
rheumatic fever
gynocologic infections

Question 17

Penicillins Precautions

Answer 17

hypersensitivity with possible anaphylaxis

Question 18

Sulfonamides Examples

Answer 18

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Question 19

Sulfonamides Indications

Answer 19

UTI
bronchitis
otitis media

Question 20

Sulfonamides Precautions

Answer 20

consume at least 3L of fluid daily
use backup contraceptives
avoid sun exposure

Question 21

Tetracyclines Examples

Answer 21

doxycyclin

tetracycline

Question 22

Tetracyclines Indications

Answer 22

fungal infection
bacterial infections
protozoal infections
rickettsial infections

Question 23

Tetracyclines Precautions

Answer 23

consume at least 3L/day
use back-up contraceptives
avoid sun exposure
permanent tooth discoloration if given to children younger than 8 years

Question 24

Vancomycin Indications

Answer 24

MRSA
bacterial infection
C. diff infections

Question 25

Vancomycin Precautions

Answer 25

contradicted in corn allergy use caution in ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity administer over 1 hr IV to prevent red man syndrome monitor trough levels

Question 26

Antifungal Medications Example

Answer 26

fluconazole

Question 27

Antifungal Medications Indications

Answer 27

Candidiasis Infection

Question 28

Antifungal Medications Precautions

Answer 28

monitor hepatic and renal function refrigerate suspensions increased risk of bleeding for clients taking anticoagulants

Question 29

Antimalarials Examples

Answer 29

hydroxychloroquine | quinine sulfate

Question 30

Antimalarials Indciations

Answer 30

malaria rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus

Question 31

Antimalarials Precautions

Answer 31

increased risk of psoriasis | monitor for drug induced retinopathy

Question 32

Antiprotozoal Examples

Answer 32

Metronidazole

Question 33

Antiprotozoal Indications

Answer 33

``` Trichomoniasis and giardiasis C. diff amebic dysentery PID vaginosis ```

Question 34

Antiprotozoal Precautions

Answer 34

Take with food | do not consume alcohol during therapy or 48 hr after completion of regimen

Question 35

Antituberculars Example

Answer 35

Isoniazid | Rifampin

Question 36

Antituberculars Indications

Answer 36

prevention and treatment of TB Latent TB 6-9 months Active TB multiple therapy up to 24 months

Question 37

Antituberculars Precautions

Answer 37

risk for neuropathies and hepatotoxicity consume foods high in vitamin B6 avoid foods with tyramine increased risk of phenytoin toxicity avoid alcohol discoloration of urine, saliva, sweat, tears breaks down plastic disposable contact lenses

Question 38

Antiretrovirals Examples

Answer 38

Acyclovir Valacyclovir Zidovudine

Question 39

Antiretrovirals Indications

Answer 39

genital herpes shingles HIV

Question 40

Antiretrovirals Indications

Answer 40

admininster with food increase fluid intake begin therapy with first onset of symptoms