Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Flashcards
Aminoglycosides Examples
amikacin
gentamicin sulfate
streptomycin
Aminoglycosides Indications
septicemia
meningitis
pneumonia
Aminoglycosides Precautions
high risk for ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
monitor creatinine and BUN
monitor trough levels
Cephalosporins Examples
Cephalexin
Cefaclor
Cefotaxime
Cephalosporins Indications
upper respiratory, skin, urinary tract infections
used as prophylaxis for clients at risk
Cephalosporins Precautions
cross sensitivity with penicillins
monitor for signs of C. diff
Fluoroquinolones Examples
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones Indications
bronchitis chlamydia gonorrhea PID UTI pneumonia prostatitis sinusitis
Fluoroquinolones Precautions
use caution with hepatic, renal, seizure disorders
Macrolides Examples
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Macrolides Indications
upper respiratory infections sinusitis Legionnaires' disease whooping cough acute diphtheria chlamydia
Macrolides Precautions
used with penicillin allergy
administer with meals
Nitrofurantoin Indications
UTI
Nitrofurantoin Precautions
broad spectrum
contraindicated in renal dysfunction
urine will have brown discoloration
Penicillins Examples
Penicillin
Amoxacillin
Ampicillin
Penicillins Indications
penumonia upper respiratory infections septicemia endocarditis rheumatic fever gynocologic infections
Penicillins Precautions
hypersensitivity with possible anaphylaxis
Sulfonamides Examples
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Sulfonamides Indications
UTI
bronchitis
otitis media
Sulfonamides Precautions
consume at least 3L of fluid daily
use backup contraceptives
avoid sun exposure
Tetracyclines Examples
doxycyclin
tetracycline
Tetracyclines Indications
fungal infection
bacterial infections
protozoal infections
rickettsial infections
Tetracyclines Precautions
consume at least 3L/day
use back-up contraceptives
avoid sun exposure
permanent tooth discoloration if given to children younger than 8 years
Vancomycin Indications
MRSA
bacterial infection
C. diff infections
Vancomycin Precautions
contradicted in corn allergy
use caution in ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
administer over 1 hr IV to prevent red man syndrome
monitor trough levels
Antifungal Medications Example
fluconazole
Antifungal Medications Indications
Candidiasis Infection
Antifungal Medications Precautions
monitor hepatic and renal function
refrigerate suspensions
increased risk of bleeding for clients taking anticoagulants
Antimalarials Examples
hydroxychloroquine
quinine sulfate
Antimalarials Indciations
malaria
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic lupus
Antimalarials Precautions
increased risk of psoriasis
monitor for drug induced retinopathy
Antiprotozoal Examples
Metronidazole
Antiprotozoal Indications
Trichomoniasis and giardiasis C. diff amebic dysentery PID vaginosis
Antiprotozoal Precautions
Take with food
do not consume alcohol during therapy or 48 hr after completion of regimen
Antituberculars Example
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Antituberculars Indications
prevention and treatment of TB
Latent TB 6-9 months
Active TB multiple therapy up to 24 months
Antituberculars Precautions
risk for neuropathies and hepatotoxicity
consume foods high in vitamin B6
avoid foods with tyramine
increased risk of phenytoin toxicity
avoid alcohol
discoloration of urine, saliva, sweat, tears
breaks down plastic disposable contact lenses
Antiretrovirals Examples
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Zidovudine
Antiretrovirals Indications
genital herpes
shingles
HIV
Antiretrovirals Indications
admininster with food
increase fluid intake
begin therapy with first onset of symptoms