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Pharmacology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Benzodiazepines Examples

A

Alprazolam
Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Lorazepam

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2
Q

Buspirone Classification

A

anxiolytic

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3
Q

Benzodiazepines Indications

A

generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder
insomnia
alcohol withdrawal
induction of anesthesia

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4
Q

Buspirone Indications

A

generalized anxiety disorder

panic disorder

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5
Q

Benzodiazepines Precautions

A

use caution with substance use disorder and liver disease

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines Complications

A

CNS depression
Paradoxical response (insomnia, excitation, euphoria)
Withdrawal symptoms
risk for abuse and overdose

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7
Q

Benzodiazepines Administration

A

monitor vital signs
never abruptly discontinue medication
monitor for CNS depression/other complications
avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants

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8
Q

SSRI examples

A

Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline

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9
Q

SNRI examples

A

Duloxetine

Venlafazine

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10
Q

SSRI and SNRI Precautions

A

avoid alcohol
do not discontinue abruptly
monitor for serotonin syndrome (agitation, confusion, hallucination)

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11
Q

SSRI and SNRI Complications

A

weight gain
sexual dysfunction
fatigue
drowsiness

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12
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants Examples

A

Amitriptyline

Imipramine

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13
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants Precautions

A

do not administer with MAOIs or St. John’s wort
must avoid alcohol
contraindicated for clients with seizure disorders

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14
Q

Tricyclic Complications

A

anticholinergic effects
orthostatic hypotension
cardiac dysrhythmias
decreased seizure threshold

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15
Q

MAOIs Examples

A

Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine

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16
Q

MAOIs Precautions

A

avoid tyramine containing food
antihypertensives have additive hypotensive effect
contraindicated with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, heart failure, CVA, renal insufficiency

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17
Q

MAOIs complications

A

CNS stimulation
Orthostatic hypotension
hypertensive crisis with intake of tyramine, SSRIs, tricyclic
2 week separation between MAOIs and other antidepressants to avoid serotonin syndrome

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18
Q

Antidepressants Administrations

A

assess for suicide risk
take medication daily and never miss a dose
medication may take weeks to months for full therapeutic effects
do not discontinue abruptly
take SSRIs in the morning to minimize sleep disturbances
provide patients taking MAOIs a list of tyramine containing foods
avoid taking other medications without consulting provider

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19
Q

Lithium indications

A

bipolar disorder
alcohol use disorder
bulimia
schizophrenia

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20
Q

Lithium Precautions

A

use cautiously in renal dysfunction, heart disease, hyponatremia, dehydration
NSAIDs will increase lithium levels
monitor serum sodium levels

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21
Q

Lithium Complications

A 
GI distress
fine hand tremors
polyuria
hypothyroidism
renal toxicity
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22
Q

Lithium Administration

A

monitor therapeutic levels
monitor serum sodium levels
instruct clients that therapeutic effects take 7 to 14 days
administer 1-3 times daily per prescription
provide nutritional counseling for food sources for sodium
administer with food to decrease GI distress

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23
Q

Typical Antipsychotics Examples

A

Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Thiothixene

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24
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics Examples

A 
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Paliperidone
Quetiapine
Ziprasidone
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25
Q

Antipsychotics Indications

A 
acute and chronic psychosis
schizophrenia
manic phase of bipolar disorder
Tourette's syndrome
delusional and schizoaffective disorder
dementia
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26
Q

Antipsychotics Precautions

A

contraindicated for clients who have severe depression, Parkinson’s disease, prolactin-dependent cancer, severe hypotension
use caution with glaucoma, paralytic ileus, prostate enlargement, seizure disorder

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27
Q

Typical Antipsychotics Complications

A 
sedation
extrapyramidal effects
anticholinergic effects
tardive dyskinesia
agranulocytosis
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
seizures
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28
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics Complications

A 
Agranulocytosis
Weight gain
diabetes
dyslipidemia
orthostatic hypotension
extrapyramidal effects
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29
Q

Antipsychotics Administration

A

advise clients to be aware of side effects
monitor CBC
encourage fluids
stop medication for signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

30
Q

ADHD Simulants Examples

A

Dextroamphetamine
Amphetamine
Methylphenidate

31
Q

ADHD Stimulants Complications

A

Insomnia
Headache
suppressed appetitie
abdominal pain

32
Q

ADHD Stimulants Administration

A 
Administer in the morning, do not administer before bed
give with or after meals
do not abruptly discontinue
monitor for signs of abuse
monitor for signs of agitation
33
Q

ADHD Nonstimulants Examples

A

Atomoxetine

Guanfacine

34
Q

ADHD Nonstimulants Complications

A

GI upset
Insomnia
Mood swings

35
Q

ADHD Nonstimulants Administration

A

Take medications daily
do not crush or chew
instruct client to immediately report worsening of anxiety, agitation
Do not take with MAOIs

36
Q

Abstinence Maintenance Medication Examples

A

Disulfiram

Methadone

37
Q

Disulfiram Indication

A

Maintain sobriety in treatment of alcohol use disorer

38
Q

Disulfiram Precautions

A

INH will increase risk of adverse CNS effects for clients taking disulfiram
Ingestion of large amounts of alcohol may cause respiratory depression, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest
Adjust medication doses of warfarin and phenytoin

39
Q

Disulfiram Complications

A

Drowsiness
Headache
Metallic taste
Hepatotoxicity

40
Q

Disulfiram Administration

A

must wait 12hr between last alcohol intake and starting medication
consumption of alcohol while taking medication will result in: flushing, throbbing in head/neck, respiratory difficulty, nausea, copious vomiting, sweating, thirst, chest pain, palpitation, dyspnea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision, confusion
effects last 30 min to several hours after consumption of alcohol
effects may still occur for weeks after therapy is discontinued
therapy may last months to years

41
Q

Methadone Indications

A

prevent withdrawal symptoms in clients who are addicted to opiate drugs

42
Q

Methadone Precautions

A

do not use in clients who have severe asthma, chronic respiratory disease, history of head injury
avoid in clients with QT syndrome

43
Q

Methadone Complications

A

sedation
respiratory depression
paradoxical CNS excitation

44
Q

Methadone Administration

A

monitor clients for signs of drug tolerance and psychological dependence
monitor for respiratory depression
methadone must be slowly reduced to produce detoxification
may monitor through treatment centers

45
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors Examples

A

Neostigmine
Ambenonium
Edrophonium

46
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors Indications

A

Myasthenia gravis

47
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors Precautions

A

do not administer if heart rate is less than 60bpm

48
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors Complications

A 
slow heart rate
chest pain, weak pulse, increased sweating
dizziness, feelings of syncope
weak/shallow breathing
urinating more than usual
seizures
trouble swallowing
49
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors Administration

A

dose must be individualized
instruct client to keep diary to record side effects
wear a medical alert bracelet
monitor for cholinergic crisis

50
Q

Anti-Parkinson’s Medications Examples

A

Benztropine
Carbidopa/Levodopa
Levodopa

51
Q

Anti-Parkinson’s Medications Indications

A

Parkinson’s disease

52
Q

Anti-Parkinson’s Medications Precautions

A

do not use levodopa within 2 weeks of MAOI use
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) decreases effects of levodopa
Benztropine is contraindicated in glaucoma
discontinue 6-8hrs before anesthesia

53
Q

Anti-Parkinson’s Medications Complications

A 
muscle twitching
headache
dizziness
dark urine
orthostatic hypotension
54
Q

Anti-Parkinson’s Medications Administration

A

notify provider if sudden loss of medication effects occurs
maximum therapeutic effects may take 4-6 weeks
monitor for signs of adverse reactions
avoid high protein diet
keep medications away from heat, light, moisture
if pills become darkened they have lost potency

55
Q

Antiseizure Medications Examples

A 
Carbamazepine
Gabapentin
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid
56
Q

Antiseizure Medications Indication

A

Prevent and/or control seizure activity

57
Q

Antiseizure Medications Administration

A

monitor for therapeutic effects
instruct patients regarding compliance: medication is a treatment, not a cure
individualize treatment regimens
monitor for signs of adverse effects
for status epilepticus: diazepam or lorazepam IV push followed by IV phenytoin or fosphenytoin

58
Q

Carbamazepine Precautions

A

contraindicated in bone marrow suppression or bleeding disorders
decreases the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and warfarin

59
Q

Carbamazepine Complications

A

anemia
leukopenia
Stevens-Johnson syndrome

60
Q

Gabapentin Precautions

A

do not abruptly discontinue

61
Q

Gabapentin Complications

A

headache, weight loss, nausea

report CNS depression, seizures, visual changes, unusual bruising

62
Q

Phenobarbital Precautions

A

contraindicated in history of substance use disorder

63
Q

Phenobarbital Complications

A

drowsiness
hypotension
respiratory depression

64
Q

Phenytoin Precautions

A

increased excretion of digoxin, warfarin, oral contraceptives
monitor serum levels and signs of toxicity

65
Q

Phenytoin Complications

A

gingival hypertrophy
diplopia
drowsiness
hirsutism

66
Q

Valproic Acid Precautions

A

contraindicated in liver disease, pregnancy

67
Q

Valproic Acid Complications

A

hepatotoxicity
teratogenic effects
pancreatitis

68
Q

Antiglaucoma Medications Examples

A

Levobunolol
Timolol
Pilocarpine
Latanoprost

69
Q

Antiglaucoma Medications Precautions

A

use caution in clients taking oral beta blockers or calcium channel blockers

70
Q

Antiglaucoma Medications Complications

A

systemic effect of beta blockers: bradycardia, heart failure, bronchospasm
brown discoloration of the iris (latanoprost)
retinal detachment (pilocarpine)

71
Q

Antiglaucoma Medications Administration

A

use sterile technique when handling applicator portion of the container
hold gentle pressure on the nasolacrimal duct for 30 to 60 seconds immediately after instilling drops
monitor pulse rate/rhythm for clients taking oral beta blockers or calcium channel blockers

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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