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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Benzodiazepines Examples

A

Alprazolam
Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Lorazepam

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2
Q

Buspirone Classification

A

anxiolytic

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3
Q

Benzodiazepines Indications

A

generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder
insomnia
alcohol withdrawal
induction of anesthesia

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4
Q

Buspirone Indications

A

generalized anxiety disorder

panic disorder

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5
Q

Benzodiazepines Precautions

A

use caution with substance use disorder and liver disease

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines Complications

A

CNS depression
Paradoxical response (insomnia, excitation, euphoria)
Withdrawal symptoms
risk for abuse and overdose

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7
Q

Benzodiazepines Administration

A

monitor vital signs
never abruptly discontinue medication
monitor for CNS depression/other complications
avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants

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8
Q

SSRI examples

A

Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline

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9
Q

SNRI examples

A

Duloxetine

Venlafazine

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10
Q

SSRI and SNRI Precautions

A

avoid alcohol
do not discontinue abruptly
monitor for serotonin syndrome (agitation, confusion, hallucination)

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11
Q

SSRI and SNRI Complications

A

weight gain
sexual dysfunction
fatigue
drowsiness

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12
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants Examples

A

Amitriptyline

Imipramine

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13
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants Precautions

A

do not administer with MAOIs or St. John’s wort
must avoid alcohol
contraindicated for clients with seizure disorders

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14
Q

Tricyclic Complications

A

anticholinergic effects
orthostatic hypotension
cardiac dysrhythmias
decreased seizure threshold

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15
Q

MAOIs Examples

A

Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine

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16
Q

MAOIs Precautions

A

avoid tyramine containing food
antihypertensives have additive hypotensive effect
contraindicated with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, heart failure, CVA, renal insufficiency

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17
Q

MAOIs complications

A

CNS stimulation
Orthostatic hypotension
hypertensive crisis with intake of tyramine, SSRIs, tricyclic
2 week separation between MAOIs and other antidepressants to avoid serotonin syndrome

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18
Q

Antidepressants Administrations

A

assess for suicide risk
take medication daily and never miss a dose
medication may take weeks to months for full therapeutic effects
do not discontinue abruptly
take SSRIs in the morning to minimize sleep disturbances
provide patients taking MAOIs a list of tyramine containing foods
avoid taking other medications without consulting provider

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19
Q

Lithium indications

A

bipolar disorder
alcohol use disorder
bulimia
schizophrenia

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20
Q

Lithium Precautions

A

use cautiously in renal dysfunction, heart disease, hyponatremia, dehydration
NSAIDs will increase lithium levels
monitor serum sodium levels

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21
Q

Lithium Complications

A 
GI distress
fine hand tremors
polyuria
hypothyroidism
renal toxicity
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22
Q

Lithium Administration

A

monitor therapeutic levels
monitor serum sodium levels
instruct clients that therapeutic effects take 7 to 14 days
administer 1-3 times daily per prescription
provide nutritional counseling for food sources for sodium
administer with food to decrease GI distress

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23
Q

Typical Antipsychotics Examples

A

Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Thiothixene

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24
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics Examples

A 
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Paliperidone
Quetiapine
Ziprasidone
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25
Antipsychotics Indications
``` acute and chronic psychosis schizophrenia manic phase of bipolar disorder Tourette's syndrome delusional and schizoaffective disorder dementia ```
26
Antipsychotics Precautions
contraindicated for clients who have severe depression, Parkinson's disease, prolactin-dependent cancer, severe hypotension use caution with glaucoma, paralytic ileus, prostate enlargement, seizure disorder
27
Typical Antipsychotics Complications
``` sedation extrapyramidal effects anticholinergic effects tardive dyskinesia agranulocytosis neuroleptic malignant syndrome seizures ```
28
Atypical Antipsychotics Complications
``` Agranulocytosis Weight gain diabetes dyslipidemia orthostatic hypotension extrapyramidal effects ```
29
Antipsychotics Administration
advise clients to be aware of side effects monitor CBC encourage fluids stop medication for signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
30
ADHD Simulants Examples
Dextroamphetamine Amphetamine Methylphenidate
31
ADHD Stimulants Complications
Insomnia Headache suppressed appetitie abdominal pain
32
ADHD Stimulants Administration
``` Administer in the morning, do not administer before bed give with or after meals do not abruptly discontinue monitor for signs of abuse monitor for signs of agitation ```
33
ADHD Nonstimulants Examples
Atomoxetine | Guanfacine
34
ADHD Nonstimulants Complications
GI upset Insomnia Mood swings
35
ADHD Nonstimulants Administration
Take medications daily do not crush or chew instruct client to immediately report worsening of anxiety, agitation Do not take with MAOIs
36
Abstinence Maintenance Medication Examples
Disulfiram | Methadone
37
Disulfiram Indication
Maintain sobriety in treatment of alcohol use disorer
38
Disulfiram Precautions
INH will increase risk of adverse CNS effects for clients taking disulfiram Ingestion of large amounts of alcohol may cause respiratory depression, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest Adjust medication doses of warfarin and phenytoin
39
Disulfiram Complications
Drowsiness Headache Metallic taste Hepatotoxicity
40
Disulfiram Administration
must wait 12hr between last alcohol intake and starting medication consumption of alcohol while taking medication will result in: flushing, throbbing in head/neck, respiratory difficulty, nausea, copious vomiting, sweating, thirst, chest pain, palpitation, dyspnea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision, confusion effects last 30 min to several hours after consumption of alcohol effects may still occur for weeks after therapy is discontinued therapy may last months to years
41
Methadone Indications
prevent withdrawal symptoms in clients who are addicted to opiate drugs
42
Methadone Precautions
do not use in clients who have severe asthma, chronic respiratory disease, history of head injury avoid in clients with QT syndrome
43
Methadone Complications
sedation respiratory depression paradoxical CNS excitation
44
Methadone Administration
monitor clients for signs of drug tolerance and psychological dependence monitor for respiratory depression methadone must be slowly reduced to produce detoxification may monitor through treatment centers
45
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Examples
Neostigmine Ambenonium Edrophonium
46
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Indications
Myasthenia gravis
47
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Precautions
do not administer if heart rate is less than 60bpm
48
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Complications
``` slow heart rate chest pain, weak pulse, increased sweating dizziness, feelings of syncope weak/shallow breathing urinating more than usual seizures trouble swallowing ```
49
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Administration
dose must be individualized instruct client to keep diary to record side effects wear a medical alert bracelet monitor for cholinergic crisis
50
Anti-Parkinson's Medications Examples
Benztropine Carbidopa/Levodopa Levodopa
51
Anti-Parkinson's Medications Indications
Parkinson's disease
52
Anti-Parkinson's Medications Precautions
do not use levodopa within 2 weeks of MAOI use Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) decreases effects of levodopa Benztropine is contraindicated in glaucoma discontinue 6-8hrs before anesthesia
53
Anti-Parkinson's Medications Complications
``` muscle twitching headache dizziness dark urine orthostatic hypotension ```
54
Anti-Parkinson's Medications Administration
notify provider if sudden loss of medication effects occurs maximum therapeutic effects may take 4-6 weeks monitor for signs of adverse reactions avoid high protein diet keep medications away from heat, light, moisture if pills become darkened they have lost potency
55
Antiseizure Medications Examples
``` Carbamazepine Gabapentin Phenobarbital Phenytoin Valproic Acid ```
56
Antiseizure Medications Indication
Prevent and/or control seizure activity
57
Antiseizure Medications Administration
monitor for therapeutic effects instruct patients regarding compliance: medication is a treatment, not a cure individualize treatment regimens monitor for signs of adverse effects for status epilepticus: diazepam or lorazepam IV push followed by IV phenytoin or fosphenytoin
58
Carbamazepine Precautions
contraindicated in bone marrow suppression or bleeding disorders decreases the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and warfarin
59
Carbamazepine Complications
anemia leukopenia Stevens-Johnson syndrome
60
Gabapentin Precautions
do not abruptly discontinue
61
Gabapentin Complications
headache, weight loss, nausea | report CNS depression, seizures, visual changes, unusual bruising
62
Phenobarbital Precautions
contraindicated in history of substance use disorder
63
Phenobarbital Complications
drowsiness hypotension respiratory depression
64
Phenytoin Precautions
increased excretion of digoxin, warfarin, oral contraceptives monitor serum levels and signs of toxicity
65
Phenytoin Complications
gingival hypertrophy diplopia drowsiness hirsutism
66
Valproic Acid Precautions
contraindicated in liver disease, pregnancy
67
Valproic Acid Complications
hepatotoxicity teratogenic effects pancreatitis
68
Antiglaucoma Medications Examples
Levobunolol Timolol Pilocarpine Latanoprost
69
Antiglaucoma Medications Precautions
use caution in clients taking oral beta blockers or calcium channel blockers
70
Antiglaucoma Medications Complications
systemic effect of beta blockers: bradycardia, heart failure, bronchospasm brown discoloration of the iris (latanoprost) retinal detachment (pilocarpine)
71
Antiglaucoma Medications Administration
use sterile technique when handling applicator portion of the container hold gentle pressure on the nasolacrimal duct for 30 to 60 seconds immediately after instilling drops monitor pulse rate/rhythm for clients taking oral beta blockers or calcium channel blockers

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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