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Pharmacology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Examples

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

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2
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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3
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Precautions

A

contraindicated in clients with intestinal disease due to increased gas formation

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4
Q

Biguanides Examples

A

Metformin

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5
Q

Biguanides Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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6
Q

Biguanides Precautions

A

withhold 48 hr prior to and 48 hr after contrast media

contraindicated in clients with severe infection, shock, hypoxic conditions

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7
Q

Gliptins Examples

A

Sitagliptin

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8
Q

Gliptins Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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9
Q

Gliptins Precautions

A

use caution in impaired renal function as dose will be reduced

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10
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics Precautions

A

use caution in renal, hepatic, cardiac disorders

avoid during pregnancy/breastfeeding

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11
Q

Meglitinides Examples

A

repaglinide

nateglinide

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12
Q

Meglitinide Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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13
Q

Meglitinide Precautions

A

short acting
administer before each meal
risk of hypoglycemia

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14
Q

Sulfonylureas Examples

A

Glipizide

Glyburide

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15
Q

Sulfonylureas Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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16
Q

Sulfonylureas Precautions

A

Extreme high risk of hypoglycemia in clients with renal, hepatic, or adrenal disorders
can cause disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol ingestion
assess for sulfa allergy

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17
Q

Thiazolidinediones Examples

A

Rosiglitazone

Pioglitazone

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18
Q

Thiazolidinediones Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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19
Q

Thiazolidinediones Precautions

A

Exacerbation of heart failure

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20
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics Assessment

A

Teach signs and management of hypoglycemia, especially with sulfonylureas
Encourage diet and exercise
monitor HbA1C
refer to diabetic nurse educator

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21
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin Example

A

Lispro

Onset: 15-30 min
Peak: 0.5-2.5 hr
Duration: 3-6 hr

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22
Q

Short Acting Insulin Example

A

Regular Insulin

Onset: 0.5-1 hr
Peak: 1-5 hr
Duration: 6-10 hr

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23
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin Example

A

NPH

Onset: 1-2 hr
Peak: 6-14 hr
Duration: 16-24 hr

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24
Q

Long Acting Insulin Example

A

Glargine

Onset: 1.5 hr
Peak: None
Duration: 24 hr

25
Q

Insulin Indications

A

Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Gestational diabetes

26
Q

Insulin Precautions

A

when mixing regular with NPH insulin, draw up regular insulin first
do not mix any insulin except regular or NPH
only regular insulin can be given IV
administer glargine at bedtime

27
Q

Insulin Complications

A

hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia

Lipodystrophy

28
Q

Insulin Administration

A

monitor serum glucose levels before meals and at bedtime
rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy
teach signs and management of hypo/hyperglycemia
encourage diet and exercise
monitor HbA1C
refer to diabetic nurse educator

29
Q

Levothyroxine Indications

A

hypothyroidism

emergency treatment of myxedema coma

30
Q

Levothyroxine Precautions

A

overmedication can result in signs of hyperthryoidism

31
Q

Levothyroxine Complications

A 
tachycardia
restlessness
diarrhea
weight loss
decreased bone density
heat intolerance
insomnia
32
Q

Levothyroxine Administration

A

Monitor cardiac system
initiate therapy with low doses, advanced to higher dosage while monitoring laboratory vitals
monitor T4 and TSH levels
take early in the morning

33
Q

Methimazole Classification

A

Thyroid hormone antagonist

34
Q

Levothyroxine Classification

A

Thyroid hormone

35
Q

Methimazole Indications

A

hyperthyroidism
preoperative thyroidectomy
thyrotoxic crisis
thyroid storm

36
Q

Methimazole Precautions

A

administer with caution to clients who have bone marrow depression, hepatic disease, bleeding disorders
discontinue prior to radioactive iodine uptake testing
contraindicated with breastfeeding

37
Q

Methimazole Complications

A 
rash, pruritus
abnormal hair loss
GI upset
paresthesias
periorbital edema
joint and muscle pain
jaundice
agranulocytosis
thrombocytopenia
38
Q

Methimazole Administration

A

administer with food at the same time each day
increase fluids to 3L daily
avoid OTC products containing iodine
taper dose before discontinuing
monitor for therapeutic response: weight gain, decreased pulse, blood pressure, T4 levels
monitor for signs of overdose and signs of hypothyroid: periorbital edema, cold intolerance, mental depression

39
Q

Somatropin Classification

A

Anterior Pituitary Growth Hormone

40
Q

Somatropin Indications

A

treat growth hormone deficiencies

Turner’s syndrome

41
Q

Somatropin Precautions

A

contraindicated in clients who are severely obese
therapy must be discontinued prior to epiphyseal closure
avoid concurrent use of glucocorticoids

42
Q

Somatropin Complications

A

Hyperglycemia

Hypothyroidism

43
Q

Somatropin Administration

A

monitor growth patterns
reconstitute medication per manufacturer instructions
administer subcutaneous per protocol
dose is individualized

44
Q

Desmopressin Classification

A

posterior pituitary hormone

antidiuretic hormone

45
Q

Vasopressin Classification

A

posterior pituitary hormone

antidiuretic hormone

46
Q

Desmopressin Indications

A

diabetes insipidus
cardiac arrest
nocturnal enuresis
hemophilia

47
Q

Vasopressin Indications

A

diabetes insipidus
cardiac arrest
nocturnal enuresis

48
Q

Desmopressin Precautions

A

contraindicated with chronic nephritis or high risk for myocardial infarction

49
Q

Vasopressin Precautions

A

contraindicated with chronic nephritis or high risk for myocardial infarction

50
Q

Desmopressin Complications

A

hyponatremia
seizures
coma

51
Q

Vasopressin Complications

A

hyponatremia
seizures
coma

52
Q

Desmopressin Administration

A 
monitor urine specific gravity
monitor blood pressure
monitor urine output
prevent hyponatremia due to water intoxication
education regarding use of nasal spray
53
Q

Vasopressin Administration

A 
monitor urine specific gravity
monitor blood pressure
monitor urine output
prevent hyponatremia due to water intoxication
education regarding use of nasal spray
54
Q

Adrenal Hormone Examples

A

dexamethasone
hydrocotisone
fludrocortisone
prednisone

55
Q

Adrenal Hormone Indications

A

acute and chronic replacement for adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
inflammation
allergic reactions
cancer

56
Q

Adrenal Hormone Precautions

A

contraindicated in clients who have systemic fungal infection
caution in clients who have hypertension, gastric ulcers, diabetes, osteoporosis
requires higher doses in acute illness or extreme stress

57
Q

Adrenal Hormones Complications

A 
adrenal suppression when administered for inflammation, allergic reactions
infection
hyperglycemia
osteoporosis
GI bleeding
fluid retention
58
Q

Adrenal Hormones Administration

A

do not skip doses
monitor blood pressure
monitor fluid and electrolyte balance, weight, output
monitor for signs of bleeding and GI discomfort
take calcium supplements and maintain vitamin D levels
give with food
taper dose when discontinuing medication
provide immunoprotection

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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