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Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Examples

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

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2
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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3
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Precautions

A

contraindicated in clients with intestinal disease due to increased gas formation

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4
Q

Biguanides Examples

A

Metformin

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5
Q

Biguanides Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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6
Q

Biguanides Precautions

A

withhold 48 hr prior to and 48 hr after contrast media

contraindicated in clients with severe infection, shock, hypoxic conditions

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7
Q

Gliptins Examples

A

Sitagliptin

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8
Q

Gliptins Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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9
Q

Gliptins Precautions

A

use caution in impaired renal function as dose will be reduced

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10
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics Precautions

A

use caution in renal, hepatic, cardiac disorders

avoid during pregnancy/breastfeeding

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11
Q

Meglitinides Examples

A

repaglinide

nateglinide

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12
Q

Meglitinide Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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13
Q

Meglitinide Precautions

A

short acting
administer before each meal
risk of hypoglycemia

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14
Q

Sulfonylureas Examples

A

Glipizide

Glyburide

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15
Q

Sulfonylureas Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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16
Q

Sulfonylureas Precautions

A

Extreme high risk of hypoglycemia in clients with renal, hepatic, or adrenal disorders
can cause disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol ingestion
assess for sulfa allergy

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17
Q

Thiazolidinediones Examples

A

Rosiglitazone

Pioglitazone

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18
Q

Thiazolidinediones Indications

A

Type 2 Diabetes (oral hypoglycemic)

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19
Q

Thiazolidinediones Precautions

A

Exacerbation of heart failure

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20
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics Assessment

A

Teach signs and management of hypoglycemia, especially with sulfonylureas
Encourage diet and exercise
monitor HbA1C
refer to diabetic nurse educator

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21
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin Example

A

Lispro

Onset: 15-30 min
Peak: 0.5-2.5 hr
Duration: 3-6 hr

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22
Q

Short Acting Insulin Example

A

Regular Insulin

Onset: 0.5-1 hr
Peak: 1-5 hr
Duration: 6-10 hr

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23
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin Example

A

NPH

Onset: 1-2 hr
Peak: 6-14 hr
Duration: 16-24 hr

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24
Q

Long Acting Insulin Example

A

Glargine

Onset: 1.5 hr
Peak: None
Duration: 24 hr

25
Insulin Indications
Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes
26
Insulin Precautions
when mixing regular with NPH insulin, draw up regular insulin first do not mix any insulin except regular or NPH only regular insulin can be given IV administer glargine at bedtime
27
Insulin Complications
hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia | Lipodystrophy
28
Insulin Administration
monitor serum glucose levels before meals and at bedtime rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy teach signs and management of hypo/hyperglycemia encourage diet and exercise monitor HbA1C refer to diabetic nurse educator
29
Levothyroxine Indications
hypothyroidism | emergency treatment of myxedema coma
30
Levothyroxine Precautions
overmedication can result in signs of hyperthryoidism
31
Levothyroxine Complications
``` tachycardia restlessness diarrhea weight loss decreased bone density heat intolerance insomnia ```
32
Levothyroxine Administration
Monitor cardiac system initiate therapy with low doses, advanced to higher dosage while monitoring laboratory vitals monitor T4 and TSH levels take early in the morning
33
Methimazole Classification
Thyroid hormone antagonist
34
Levothyroxine Classification
Thyroid hormone
35
Methimazole Indications
hyperthyroidism preoperative thyroidectomy thyrotoxic crisis thyroid storm
36
Methimazole Precautions
administer with caution to clients who have bone marrow depression, hepatic disease, bleeding disorders discontinue prior to radioactive iodine uptake testing contraindicated with breastfeeding
37
Methimazole Complications
``` rash, pruritus abnormal hair loss GI upset paresthesias periorbital edema joint and muscle pain jaundice agranulocytosis thrombocytopenia ```
38
Methimazole Administration
administer with food at the same time each day increase fluids to 3L daily avoid OTC products containing iodine taper dose before discontinuing monitor for therapeutic response: weight gain, decreased pulse, blood pressure, T4 levels monitor for signs of overdose and signs of hypothyroid: periorbital edema, cold intolerance, mental depression
39
Somatropin Classification
Anterior Pituitary Growth Hormone
40
Somatropin Indications
treat growth hormone deficiencies | Turner's syndrome
41
Somatropin Precautions
contraindicated in clients who are severely obese therapy must be discontinued prior to epiphyseal closure avoid concurrent use of glucocorticoids
42
Somatropin Complications
Hyperglycemia | Hypothyroidism
43
Somatropin Administration
monitor growth patterns reconstitute medication per manufacturer instructions administer subcutaneous per protocol dose is individualized
44
Desmopressin Classification
posterior pituitary hormone | antidiuretic hormone
45
Vasopressin Classification
posterior pituitary hormone | antidiuretic hormone
46
Desmopressin Indications
diabetes insipidus cardiac arrest nocturnal enuresis hemophilia
47
Vasopressin Indications
diabetes insipidus cardiac arrest nocturnal enuresis
48
Desmopressin Precautions
contraindicated with chronic nephritis or high risk for myocardial infarction
49
Vasopressin Precautions
contraindicated with chronic nephritis or high risk for myocardial infarction
50
Desmopressin Complications
hyponatremia seizures coma
51
Vasopressin Complications
hyponatremia seizures coma
52
Desmopressin Administration
``` monitor urine specific gravity monitor blood pressure monitor urine output prevent hyponatremia due to water intoxication education regarding use of nasal spray ```
53
Vasopressin Administration
``` monitor urine specific gravity monitor blood pressure monitor urine output prevent hyponatremia due to water intoxication education regarding use of nasal spray ```
54
Adrenal Hormone Examples
dexamethasone hydrocotisone fludrocortisone prednisone
55
Adrenal Hormone Indications
acute and chronic replacement for adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) inflammation allergic reactions cancer
56
Adrenal Hormone Precautions
contraindicated in clients who have systemic fungal infection caution in clients who have hypertension, gastric ulcers, diabetes, osteoporosis requires higher doses in acute illness or extreme stress
57
Adrenal Hormones Complications
``` adrenal suppression when administered for inflammation, allergic reactions infection hyperglycemia osteoporosis GI bleeding fluid retention ```
58
Adrenal Hormones Administration
do not skip doses monitor blood pressure monitor fluid and electrolyte balance, weight, output monitor for signs of bleeding and GI discomfort take calcium supplements and maintain vitamin D levels give with food taper dose when discontinuing medication provide immunoprotection

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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