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Anatomy & Physiology II Lab > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Rests on the diaphragm

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Both

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2
Q

Divided into lobules

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Both

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3
Q

Anchored at the hilum

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Both

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4
Q

Enclosed by the pleura

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Both

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5
Q

Cardiac notch

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Left

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6
Q

Has two fissures

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Left

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7
Q

Three lobes

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Right

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8
Q

Two lobes

Does the phrase refer to the right lung, left lung, or both?

A

Left

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9
Q

Air flows out of the lungs

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Expiration

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10
Q

Air flows into the lungs

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Inspiration

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11
Q

External intercostal muscles may contract

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Inspiration

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12
Q

Elastic recoil decreases size of alveoli

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Expiration

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13
Q

Internal intercostal muscles may contract

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Inspiration

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14
Q

Lung volume increases

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Inspiration

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15
Q

Lung volume decreases

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Expiration

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16
Q

Diaphragm contracts

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Inspiration

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17
Q

Diaphragm relaxes

Does the event occur during inspiration (inhalation) or expiration (exhalation)?

A

Expiration

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18
Q

Connects the larynx to the bronchi

A

Trachea

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19
Q

Wall that separates oral cavity from the nasal cavity

A

Palate

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20
Q

Food passageway posterior to the trachea

A

Esophagus

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21
Q

Covers the glottis during swallowing of food

A

Epiglottis

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22
Q

Contains the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

A

Larynx

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23
Q

Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax

A

Parietal pleura

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24
Q

Nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration

A

Phrenic nerve

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25
Q

Site where oxygen enters the pulmonary blood

A

Alveolus

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26
Q

Serous layer that forms outer surface of lungs

A

Visceral pleura

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27
Q

Opening between the vocal folds

A

Glottis

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28
Q

Location of the tonsils

A

Pharynx

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29
Q

Functions of the nasal cavity:

A
  • warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs
  • sense of smell
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30
Q

How many regions is the pharynx divided into?

A

Three

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31
Q

What are the names of the three regions of the pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngeal Pharynx (aka laryngopharynx or hypopharynx)
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32
Q

The region of the pharynx that contains the openings to the auditory tubes (tubal tonsils are located around the openings)

A

Nasopharynx

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33
Q

Which other tonsil is located in the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal

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34
Q

The region of the pharynx that is located directly behind the oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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35
Q

Which two tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsil and Lingual tonsil

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36
Q

The most inferior region of the pharynx; At this level the openings to the larynx and the esophagus are found

A

Laryngeal pharynx

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37
Q

“voice box” made of nine pieces of cartilage

A

Larynx

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38
Q

The three largest pieces of cartilage in the larynx

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Thyroid Cartilage
  • Cricoid Cartilage
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39
Q

The most superior cartilage; made of elastic cartilage and functions to fold over during swallowing, preventing food and drink from entering the larynx

A

Epiglottis

40
Q

The largest cartilage covering most of the anterior and lateral edges of the larynx

The “Adam’s apple” is part of this cartilage - “shield” in the front

A

Thyroid Cartilage

41
Q

The most inferior cartilage that forms a ring just superior to the start of the trachea

Wider in the back than it is in the front

A

Cricoid Cartilage

42
Q

Internally, the mucous membrane forms two folds called:

A
  • Vestibular Fold

- Vocal Fold (vocal cords)

43
Q

Upper fold of the mucous membrane called the

A

Vestibular Fold

44
Q

Lower fold of the mucous membrane called the

A

Vocal Fold (vocal cords)

45
Q

The vocal folds and space between them are together called the

A

Glottis

46
Q

When air moves past the vocal cords, the vibrations produce

A

Sounds

47
Q

Tube that is approximately 4.5 inches long that is supported by 16 to 20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage

A

Trachea (or Windpipe)

48
Q

Is there cartilage on the back side of the trachea where the esophagus is located?

A

No

This is to allow the esophagus to expand into the trachea during swallowing

49
Q

At the end of the trachea, the tube branches into the

A

bronchial “tree”

50
Q

Would you have difficulty breathing if a large piece of food got lodged six inches down the esophagus?

A

Most likely not

51
Q

Would you have difficulty breathing if a piece of food was stuck three inches down the esophagus?

A

Yes, difficulty breathing

52
Q

The base of each lung rests on the

A

Diaphargm

53
Q

The most superior portion of the lungs comes to a rounded point known as the

A

Apex

54
Q

How many lobes is the right lung composed of?

A

Three; superior, middle, and inferior

55
Q

How many lobes is the left lung composed of?

A

Two; superior and inferior

56
Q

The ________ sits in the cardiac impression on the left lung - a cardiac notch is seen anteriorly.

A

heart

57
Q

The medial area of each lung where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the primary bronchi enter the lungs

A

Hilum

58
Q

The outer surface of each lung is lined with a serous membrane called the

A

visceral pleura

59
Q

The thoracic wall and superior surface of the diaphragm is lined with a membrane called the

A

parietal pleura

60
Q

The pleura cavity (the space between the two linings) contains

A

serous (pleural) fluid

61
Q

What is the function of serous/pleural fluid?

A

reduce friction and make the two membranes stick to each other

62
Q

The bronchial “tree” bas approximately how many branches?

A

25 branchings

63
Q

The first branch after the trachea is called the

A

primary (or main) bronchus

64
Q

Bronchus

A

is singular

65
Q

Bronchi

A

is plural

66
Q

Where does the primary bronchi enter the lungs?

A

The hilum

67
Q

Is the right or left bronchus more vertical, shorter, and wider?

A

Right bronchus

68
Q

Which side will an aspirated object more likely lodge?

A

Right side

69
Q

Each primary bronchus will divide into a

A

secondary (lobar) bronchi

- these enter the lobes of the lungs

70
Q

How many secondary bronchi are on the right side?

A

3

71
Q

How many secondary bronchi are on the left side?

A

2

72
Q

What does the secondary bronchus divide into?

A

tertiary (segmental) bronchi

73
Q
  • enters the bronchopulmonary segments (10 on the right side; 8 on the left)
  • continue to divide, becoming smaller and smaller; these small bronchioles enter a pulmonary lobule
A

tertiary (segmental) bronchi

74
Q

The final branchings are:

A

bronchioles - terminal bronchioles - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolus

75
Q

Four basic functions of the respiratory system:

A
  • Pulmonary Ventilation
  • External Respiration
  • Transport of Respiratory Gases
  • Internal Respiration
76
Q

the rhythmic movement of air into and out of the lungs (aka breathing)

A

pulmonary ventilation

77
Q

the gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood

A

external respiration

78
Q

between the lungs and the tissue cells of the body

A

transport of respiratory gases

79
Q

the gas exchange between the blood and the tissue cells of the body

A

internal respiration

80
Q
  • to change the pressure in your lungs, you must change the volume
  • as volume decreases, pressure increases
    this inverse relationship is called…..
A

Boyle’s Law

81
Q

an active process requiring muscle contraction (and ATP)

A

Inhalation (or inspiration)

82
Q

Do the external intercostals contract during inhalation or or exhalation?

A

Inhalation (or inspiration)

83
Q

For air to go in, intrapulmonary pressure must be less than atmospheric pressure. So we must (increase OR decrease) the volume of the lungs?

A

Increase

84
Q

normally a passive process, requiring only the relaxation of muscles

A

Exhalation (or expiration)

85
Q

For air to go out, the intrapulmonary pressure must be greater than atmospheric pressure. The volume of the lungs must (increase OR decrease)?

A

Decrease

86
Q

Exhalation (or expiration) is accomplished by:

A
  • diaphragm and intercostals relax
  • elastic recoil of chest wall and lungs
  • inward pull of alveolar fluid caused by surface tension
87
Q

Forced exhalation uses ______ and ________

A
  • abdominal

- internal intercostals

88
Q

Pulmonary ventilation can also affect the ______ ________ of the blood.

A

acid-base balance

89
Q

Is pH below 7.35 considered acidosis or alkalosis?

A

Acidosis

90
Q

Is pH above 7.45 considered acidosis or alkalosis?

A

Alkalosis

91
Q

An abnormally low amount of CO2 in the blood can cause:

A

alkalosis

92
Q

An abnormally high amount of CO2 in the blood can cause:

A

acidosis

93
Q

volume of one breath inhaled (or exhaled)

A

tidal volume (TV)

94
Q

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

A

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

95
Q

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

A

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

96
Q

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation

A

residual volume (RV)

97
Q

amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration; decreases with age

A

vital capacity (VC)

Anatomy & Physiology II Lab (12 decks)

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