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Anatomy & Physiology II Lab > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Six anterior pituitary hormones:

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin, Growth Hormone

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2
Q

Two posterior pituitary hormones:

A

Antidiuretic Hormone and Oxytocin

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3
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing hormone (LH) targets:

A

ovaries & testes

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4
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) targets:

A

adrenal cortex of adrenal gland

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5
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets:

A

thyroid gland

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6
Q

Prolactin (PRL) targets:

A

mammary glands & testes

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7
Q

Growth hormone (GH) targets:

A

liver, muscle, bone cartilage, and most other cells

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8
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets:

A

kidneys

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9
Q

Oxytocin (OT) targets:

A

uterus & mammary glands

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10
Q

stimulates target organ to secrete its hormones:

A

tropic hormone

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11
Q

anterior pituitary tropic hormones:

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

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12
Q

anterior pituitary non-tropic hormones:

A

GH & PRL

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13
Q

FSH stimulates:

A

sex cell production (ovaries/testes) & estrogen

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14
Q

LH stimulates:

A

hormonal activity of gonads (ovaries/testes) & ovulation

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15
Q

ACTH regulates:

A

endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids

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16
Q

TSH promotes:

A

normal development & activity of thyroid

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17
Q

GH stimulates:

A

growth of all body tissues especially skeletal muscle and bone

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18
Q

PRL stimulates:

A

breast development, promotes & maintains lactation by mammary glands (after childbirth)

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19
Q

Stimulated by cervical/uterine stretch & suckling infant; positive feedback mechanism:

A

Oxytocin

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20
Q

Influences water balance, targets the kidneys; helps to avoid dehydration by preventing urine formation i.e., helps body conserve water

A

Antidiuretic hormone

21
Q

Adrenal cortex: produces 3 major groups of steroid hormones collectively called:

A

corticosteroids

22
Q

Mainly aldosterone, regulates water and electrolyte balance in the extracellular fluids, mainly by regulating sodium ion reabsorption by kidney tubules; main function is to target kidneys, stimulates Na+ reabsorption & H2O retention; elimination of K+

A

Mineralcorticoids

23
Q

Mainly cortisol, targets most cells, helps the body resist stress by increasing blood glucose, fatty acids, and amino acid level & blood pressure

A

Glucocorticoids

24
Q

Mainly androgens (sex hormones released from cortex - converted to testosterone or estrogen, but not progesterone), main function male development and reproductive physiology

A

Gonadocorticoids

25
Q

Maturation of female reproductive organs, appearance of female secondary sexual characteristics, breast development and cyclic changes in the uterus:

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

26
Q

Targets uterus and promotes maintenance of uterine lining necessary for successful pregnancy:

A

Progesterone

27
Q

Promotes development and maintenance of female sex characteristics; helps prepare breast tissue for lactation:

A

Estrogen

28
Q

Initiates maturation of male reproductive organs, causes appearance of male secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive, necessary for normal sperm production, maintains reproductive organs in their functional state:

A

Testosterone

29
Q

Most potent stimulator of the heart & metabolic activities:

A

Epinephrine (80%)

30
Q

More influence on peripheral vasoconstriction & blood pressure:

A

Norepinephrine (20%)

31
Q

Primary function is to control rate of body metabolism & cellular oxidation (affects virtually every cell in the body); really 2 physiology active hormones (T4 and T3):

A

Thyroid hormone

32
Q

Decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium salt deposit in bones (antagonist to parathyroid hormone)

A

Calcitonin

33
Q

Targets skeletal (bone), intestines & kidneys; secreted in response to hypocalcemia; regulates calcium balance in blood; stimulates osteoclasts (bone destroyers) to digest bone matrix; enhances reabsorption Ca2+, increases absorption of Ca2+; Rising Ca2+ in the blood inhibits further release of this hormone

A

Parathyroid Hormone

34
Q

Targets liver; released by alpha cells when blood levels of glucose are low; stimulates liver to release glucose to the blood; antagonist to insulin

A

Glucagon

35
Q

Targets most tissues; released by beta cells when level of blood glucose rises; increases rate of glucose uptake and metabolism by most body cells; antagonizes the effects of glucagon

A

Insulin

36
Q

Hypersecretion of ADH causes:

A

SIADH, syndrome of inappropriate ADH Secretion; edema, headache & disorientation

37
Q

Hyposecretion of ADH causes:

A

Diabetes insipidus (insatiable thirst aka polydipsia; excessive urination aka polyuria)

38
Q

Hypersecretion of TSH causes:

A

Graves Disease; autoimmune disease; antibodies mimic TSH so it causes too much thyroid hormone to be released

39
Q

Hyposecretion of TSH causes:

A

Adult Myxedema, child cretinism, mental retardation, &physical sluggishness, obese, cold intolerant

40
Q

Hyperparathyroidism causes:

A

(Tumor): bones soften and deform, elevated Ca2+ depresses the nervous system and contributes to formation of kidney stones

41
Q

Hypoparathyroidism causes:

A

(Gland trauma or removal): tetany, respiratory paralysis, & death

42
Q

Insulin hypersecretion causes:

A

Hypoglycemia, disorientation, unconsciousness

43
Q

Insulin hyposecretion results in:

A

Diabetes mellitus; polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

44
Q

Hypersecretion of GH:

A

Child gigantism, adult acromegaly

45
Q

Hyposecretion of GH:

A

Child pituitary dwarfism

46
Q

Hypersecretion of Aldosterone:

A

Aldosteronism (hypertension & edema due to excessive Na+; excretion of K+ leading to abnormal function of neurons & muscles)

47
Q

Hyposecretion of mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids:

A

Addison’s Disease

48
Q

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in:

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

49
Q

Hyposecretion of glucoroticoids and mineralcorticoids results in:

A

Addison’s Disease

Anatomy & Physiology II Lab (12 decks)

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