Heart Lab Flashcards
The heart is located within the:
mediastinum/medial cavity of the thoracic cavity
2/3 of the hearts mass is located toward the:
left or the thoracic cavity
The hearts pericardium is made up of how many structured layers? What are their names?
3; Fibrous pericardium, Parietal pericardium, and Visceral pericardium
Outer tough, non-elastic connective tissue that prevents overstretching of the heart:
Fibrous pericardium
A serous membrane that makes up the outer layer of the pericardium:
Parietal pericardium
Also known as the epicardium; the surface of the heart which is made up of fibrous tissue
Visceral pericardium
The layers make a cavity, which contains the:
serous fluid
How many layers make up the heart wall? What are the names of these layers?
3; Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Layer of the heart wall that contains mesothelium and connective tissue:
Epicardium
Layer of the heart wall that contains cardiac muscle:
Myocardium
Layer of the heart wall that contains endothelium and connective tissue that covers valves and inner surface:
Endocardium
External structure of the heart that increases the capacity of the atria:
Auricles
External structure of the heart that has grooves containing coronary blood vessels and fat:
Sulci
The main sulci are:
The coronary sulcus and the anterior interventricular sulcus
Internal structure of the heart that contains the two atria and two ventricles; Interarterial and interventricular septums are collectively called the:
Four chambers
Internal structure of the heart that has ridges of muscle inside the ventricles:
Trabeculae carneae
Internal structure of the heart that is present between each atria and ventricle; These valves have cusps connected to chordate tendineae to papillary muscles:
Atrioventricular (AV) Valve
Internal structure of the heart that is present where blood leaves the ventricles and enters either the aorta (left side) or the pulmonary trunk (right side):
Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Circuit (right side): Blood goes to the lungs where blood:
Picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
Circuit where blood leaves the heart and goes to all parts of the body and back to the heart:
Systemic Circuit
What is it called when the heart is filled with blood, but that blood does not nourish cardiac tissue:
(Because the myocardium is too thick for diffusion)
Coronary Circulation
Blood nourishes the heart via:
Coronary Arteries
What arteries supply the heart with blood?
Left and right coronary arteries, anterior/posterior inter-ventricular, marginal, and circumflex arteries
Venous blood is collected by what veins which empties into the right atrium?
Cardiac veins (great, middle, small)
Hole found in the interarterial septum; After birth this hole closes and seals shut in about a year, which leaves a depression known as the:
Fossa Ovalis (Foramen Ovale in fetuses)
Vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta; Following birth, vasoconstriction closes the this vessel; One to three months following birth, this vessel will turn into a ligament known as:
Ligamentum Arteriosum (Ductus Arteriosus in fetuses)
The pacemaker of the heart is known as the:
Sinoatrial (SA) node
The SA node starts the heartbeat by causing the contraction (depolarization) of:
Both Atria
Contraction of the heart muscle:
Ventricular Systole
Relaxation of the heart muscle:
Ventricular Diastole
Blood is pushed through the semilunar valves out of the heart:
Ventricular Ejection
First heart sound; AV valves shut
Lubb
Second heart sound: Semilunar valves shut
Dupp
When valves don’t shut properly, this is called a:
murmur
Records heart activity and assesses the ability of the heart to transmit cardiac impulses:
ECG/EKG
Over 100 beats/min is known as:
Tachycardia
Under 60 beats/min is known as:
Bradycardia
Uncoordinated heart contraction is known as:
Fibrillation
Blood pressure is typically taken from what artery?
Brachial Artery
Normal blood pressure is noted as
120/80 mm Hg
Systolic pressure is due to the:
contraction of the ventricles
Diastolic pressure is due to the:
vascular resistance
Sounds are known as:
Korotkoff sounds
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is known as:
Pulse Pressure (about 40 mm Hg)
Pressure waves caused from the contraction of the ventricles; Pressing an artery against a firm object such as bone:
Pulse
Average pulse:
75 beats/min
