Respiratory System Flashcards
functions
▫provides extensive gas exchange surface ▫moves air to and from gas exchange surfaces ▫protects respiratory surfaces ▫produces sounds ▫participates in smell
upper respiratory system
▫nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
▫ anything above larynx
lower respiratory system
▫larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
▫everything below larynx
nasal cavity
hollow space behind nose
nasal septum
divides the nose into left and right
nasal concha
▫bones that divide nasal cavity
nasal concha functions
▫divide nasal cavity
▫support mucus membrane
▫increase surface area
mucus membrane
▫warms and moistens air
▫traps dust
paranasal sinuses found in what bones
maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
paranasal sinus function
▫reduce weight of skull
▫resonance chamber for voice
pharynx
space behind the oral cavity between nasal cavity and larynx
divisions if the pharynx
▫nasopharynx
▫oropharynx
▫laryngopharynx (close to larynx)
larynx
enlargement at the top of the trachea that houses the vocal chords
Adams apple
thyroid cartilage
glottis
part of larynx consisting of vocal cords and the opening between them
false vocal folds
help close airway during swallowing
true vocal folds
produce sound
voice modulation affected by
expansion and contraction if glottis
increased tension =
higher pitch
epiglottis
flaplike structure that closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway
which structure has cartilage rings for struxture
trachea
trachea
“windpipe” that leads to bronchial tree within the lungs
pathway of air into lungs
▫trachea ▫primary bronchi ▫secondary bronchi ▫tertiary bronchi ▫bronchioles
bronchioles
contain air sacs called alveoli
alveoli
area where gas exchange occurs between air and lungs
lungs
spongy tissue that sits within the pleural cavities
serous fluid
lubricated lungs to reduce friction during breathing
right lung has how many lobes
3
left lung has how many lobes
2
which kung has the cardiac notch
left
breathing (ventilation)
air in and out of lungs
external respiration
gas exchange between air and blood
internal respiration
gas exchange between blood and tissue
cellular respiration
oxygen used to make atp
what in alveoli keeps then from collapsing
surface tension
what happens during inhalation
▫diaphragm moves down
▫intercostal muscles contract
what occurs during exhalation
▫diaphragm relaxes and elastic recoil forces air out of airways
internal pressure of pleural cavity must be ______ atmospheric pressure for inhalation and ______ atmospheric pressure for exhalation
▫below
▫above
hiccup
spasm of the diaphragm
example a of nonrespiratory movements
coughing, laughing, sneezing, crying
spirometry
measures amount of air moving in and out of the lungs
respiratory cycle
1 inhalation and 1 exhalation
vital capacity
max amount if air that can be forcibly exhaled
tidal volume
air inhaled/exhaled during normal respiration
resting tidal volume
amount of air that enters the lungs during one normal cycle
reserve volume
air that can be forced in or out (after a pause)
residual volume
amount of air left in lung after max exhalation
respiratory center is located where in the brain
medulla and pons
medulla is responsible for
rhythmic breathing
dorsal group controls
rythm
ventral group controls
forced breathing
pins is responsible for
slowing respirstion
hyperventalation
▫overbreathing
▫body expels more carbon dioxide than producing
how to fix hypervantalation
breath into a brown paper bag
hypoxia
lack of oxygen within tissues and organs
asphyxia
deficient oxygen supply due to inability to breath normally
