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Human A+P > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of blood

A 
▫transport dissolved substances
▫regulate ph and ions
▫restriction of fluid loss due to injury
▫defense against pathogens
▫stabilize body temp
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2
Q

fractionation

A

separating blood for analysis

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3
Q

plasma makes up what % of blood volume

A

50-60

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4
Q

how plasma differs from interstitial fluid

A

▫levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

▫concentration of proteins

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5
Q

plasma consists of

A

▫water
▫proteins
▫other solutes

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6
Q

red blood cells

A

transport oxygen

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7
Q

platelets

A

involved in clotting process

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8
Q

hemopoiesis

A

process of making formed elements

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9
Q

3 types of formed elements

A

▫red blood cells
▫white blood cells
▫platelets

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10
Q

what makes up the majority of formed elements

A

red blood cells

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11
Q

rouleaux

A

stack of red blood cells

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12
Q

red blood cells lack what

A

nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes

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13
Q

stages of red blood cell maruration

A 
▫myeloid stem cell
▫proerythroblast
▫erythrocyte
▫reticulocyte
▫mature red blood cell
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14
Q

erythropoeitin

A

hormone that stimulates red blood cell production when oxygen levels are low

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15
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein that transports respiratory gases

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16
Q

structure of hemoglobin is made of

A

4 subunits, each containing a molecule of heme

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17
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

plenty of oxygen

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18
Q

deoxyhemoglobin

A

low oxygen

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19
Q

function if white blood cells

A

▫defend against pathogens
▫remove toxins and waste
▫attack abnormal cells

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20
Q

types of white blood cells

A 
▫neutrophils
▫eosinophils
▫basophils
▫monocytes
▫lymphocytes
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21
Q

neutrophils

A

active in attacking and engulfing bacterial pathogens

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22
Q

eosinophils

A

▫attack large parasites by excreting toxic compounds

▫sense give to allergens

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23
Q

basophils

A

dialate blood vessels and help prevent clottinf

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24
Q

monocytes

A

▫engulf large particles and pathogens

▫secrete substances that attract immune system cells

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25
Q

lymphocytes

A

identify and destroy specific pathogens

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26
Q

types of lymphocytes

A

▫t cells
▫b cells
▫natural killer cells

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27
Q

t cells

A

detect and destroy cells w/o use of antibodies

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28
Q

b cells

A

detect and destroy pathogens using antibodies

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29
Q

natural killer cells

A

detect and destroy abnormal tissue cells

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30
Q

3 functions of platelets

A

▫release important clotting chemicals
▫temporarily path damaged vessel walls
▫contract tissues after clot formation

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31
Q

thrombocytopoiesis

A

production of platelets

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32
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

abnormally low platelet count

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33
Q

thrombocytosis

A

abnormally high count

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34
Q

3 phases of hemostasis (stop bleeding)

A

▫vascular phase
▫platelet phase
▫coagulation phase

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35
Q

vascular phase

A

blood vessel damaged contricts

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36
Q

platelet phase

A

platelets signaled and form platelet plug to close openeing

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37
Q

coagulation phase

A

platelets contract, pulling ends of hole together, fibrin form over plug

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38
Q

thrombus

A

abnormal blood clot

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39
Q

embolus

A

when clot moves to another place

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40
Q

cerebral embolism

A

blood clot goes to brain

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41
Q

pericardium

A

loose fitting sac around the heart that anchors it, prevents over filling, and reduces friction

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42
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough, loose fitting, elastic layer

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43
Q

pericardium is composed of

A

▫fibrous pericardium

▫two layers of serous pericardium

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44
Q

parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

lines inside of pericardium

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45
Q

visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

adheres of outside of heart

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46
Q

epicardium

A

outer wall of heart

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47
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle layer forming bulk of heart

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48
Q

endocardium

A

inner endothelium layer of heart

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49
Q

layer if heart walls from outside to inside

A

▫epicardium
▫myocardium
▫endocardium

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50
Q

layers of pericardium from outside in

A

▫fibrous
▫parietal
▫visceral

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51
Q

atria

A

two superior chambers of the heart that receive blood from body

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52
Q

ventricles

A

two inferior chambers that pump blood out

53
Q

atroventricular valves

A

between atria and ventricles

54
Q

semilunar valves

A

between ventricles and arteries

55
Q

tricuspid valve

A

between r atrium and r ventricle

56
Q

chordae tendinae

A

connects tricuspid to muscle

57
Q

bicuspid valve

A

between L atrium and L ventircle

58
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

between r ventricle and pulmonary trunk

59
Q

aorta semilunar valve

A

between L ventricle and aorta

60
Q

path of blood flow starting at right atrium

A

▫r atrium through tricuspid to r ventricle
▫r ventricle through pulmonary SL valve to pulmonary arteries
▫pulmonary arteries to lungs
▫lungs to pulmonary veins
▫pulmonary veins to L atrium
▫L atrium through bicuspid to L ventricle
▫L ventricle through aortic SL valve to aorta
▫aorta through arteries to body organs
▫body organs through veins to vena cava
▫vena cava to R atrium

61
Q

coronary circularion

A

heart to heart

62
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

heart to lungs

63
Q

systemic circulation

A

heart to body

64
Q

heart is innervated by what nerve

A

vagus nerve

65
Q

conduction step 1

A

sinoarterial node sends signal to L atrium so both atria contract at the same time

66
Q

conduction step 2

A

▫sinoarterial node passes signal to atrioventricular node.

▫signal travels from atria to ventricle via the bundle of his

67
Q

conduction step 3

A

▫bundle of his carries signal towards apex

▫signal transfers to purkinje fibers which make cells contract around ventricle

68
Q

systole

A

contraction

69
Q

diastole

A

relaxation

70
Q

normal bp

A

120/80

71
Q

3 layers of blood vessels(out to in)

A

▫tunica adventita
▫tunica media
▫tunics intima

72
Q

tuncia adventitia

A

fibrous connective tissue that holds vessels open

73
Q

tunica media

A

smooth muscle/elastic CT that contracts and dialates blood vessels

74
Q

tunica intima

A

endothelium layer containing valves in veins

75
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

76
Q

veins

A

carry blood towards the heart

77
Q

arterioles

A

small artery

78
Q

venules

A

small veins

79
Q

capillaries

A

where arterial system switches to the venous system

80
Q

precapillary sphincter

A

circular valve like muscle at arteriole-capillary junction

81
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of vessel

82
Q

vasodialation

A

expanding blood vessel

83
Q

aorta

A

▫largest artery

▫leaves L ventricle

84
Q

pulmonary artery

A

▫leaves R ventricle

▫carries blood to lungs

85
Q

pulmonary veins

A

returns blood from lungs

86
Q

vena cava

A

returns blood from rest of body to right atrium

87
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply blood to heart itself

88
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

branches into R subclavian and R common carotid

89
Q

L common carotid

A

supplies left side of head

90
Q

L subclavian artery

A

supplies to arm

91
Q

varicose veins

A

when blood pools in veins

92
Q

SADS

A

heart unexplainable stops working

93
Q

heart murmers

A

unusual sound caused by valve issue

94
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

valve shifts out of place shifts and causes a clicking sound

95
Q

myocardial infarction

A

obstruction in coronary artery

96
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

deposits of fatty material that reduce blood flow

97
Q

aneurism

A

a localized blood filled balloon in the wall of a vessel

98
Q

stroke

A

blood flow to brain is cut off

99
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

aneurysm that bursts

100
Q

ischemic stroke

A

blood vessel is blocked

101
Q

average temo of blood

A

38°C

102
Q

average ph of blood

A

7.35-7.45

103
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

104
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

105
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

106
Q

how many red blood cells in 1 drop of blood

A

4.2-6.3 million

107
Q

how many white blood cells in one micro liter

A

5000-10000

108
Q

how many platelet in one microliter

A

150,000-500,000

109
Q

Rh factor

A

another set of proteins in he blood

110
Q

group of cells that act as hearts pace maker

A

sinoarterial node

111
Q

coronary

A

heart

112
Q

subclavian (R/L)

A

arms

113
Q

common carotid (R/L)

A

head and neck

114
Q

intercostal

A

cheat wall

115
Q

gonadal

A

testes/ovaries

116
Q

superior mesenteric

A

small intestine and upper large intestine

117
Q

inferior mesenteric

A

lower large intestine

118
Q

renal

A

kidney

119
Q

hepatic

A

liver

120
Q

splenic

A

spleen

121
Q

left gastirc

A

stomach

122
Q

external illiac

A

legs

123
Q

internal illiac

A

pelvic organs

124
Q

what % of formed elements are red blood cells

A

99%

125
Q

three classes of proteins in plasma

A

▫albumins
▫globulins
▫fibrinogen

126
Q

albumin

A

transport substances such of fatty acids and hormones

127
Q

globulins

A

transport globulins

128
Q

fibrinogen

A

form clots and produce fibrin

Human A+P (18 decks)

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