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Human A+P > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

main function of endocrine system

A

maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

regulates and controls: (7)

A 
▫growth
▫development
▫secondary sexual characteristics
▫how body uses energy
▫levels of salts/sugars in blood
▫volume of fluid in body
▫appetite
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3
Q

master gland

A

pituitary

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4
Q

pituitary is controlled by

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

anterior pituitary hormones (6)

A 
▫prolactin
▫growth hormone
▫adrenicorticotropin
▫thyroid stimulating hormone
▫lutenizing hormone
▫follicle stimulating hormone
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6
Q

prolactin

A

stimulates milk production after childbirth

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7
Q

growth hormone

A

▫stimulates growth in childhood

▫maintains muscle/bone mass and controls fat distribution in adults

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8
Q

adrenocorticotropin

A

stimulates adrenal glands

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9
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

stimulates thyroid

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10
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

regulates sex hormones

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11
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

▫promotes sperm production in males

▫promotes ovulation in females

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12
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

▫oxytocin

▫antidiuretic hormone

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13
Q

oxytocin

A

▫causes milk let down during nursing

▫causes contractions during childbirth

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14
Q

thyroid hormones

A

▫T4
▫T3
▫calcitonin

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15
Q

T3 and T4

A

increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates

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16
Q

calcitonin

A

takes calcium out of blood and into bones

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17
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood

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18
Q

adrenal hormones

A

▫adrenaline
▫aldosterone
▫cortisol

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19
Q

adrenalin (epinephrine)

A

increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure

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20
Q

aldosterone

A

helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium to maintain blood pressure

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21
Q

cortisol

A

keeps blood glucose levels stable

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22
Q

pancreatic hormones

A

▫insulin

▫glucagon

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23
Q

glucagon

A

▫stimulates liver to breakdown glucose

▫ raises blood sugar levels

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24
Q

insulin

A

▫stimulates cells to take in more glucose

▫lowers blood sugar levels

25
Q

pineal gland hormone

A

melatonin

26
Q

melatonin

A

maintains the circadian rhythm

27
Q

where is the pineal gland located

A

between the cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

thymus gland hormone

A

thymosins

29
Q

thymosins

A

important in immune function

30
Q

reproductive hormones

A

▫testosterone
▫progesterone
▫estrogen

31
Q

endocrine glands

A

release chemicals directly into blood stream

32
Q

exocrine glands

A

release chemicals onto surface of body or tissue

33
Q

merocrine secretion

A

hormones released by vessicles

34
Q

apocrine secretion

A

small portion of the cell are pinched off and lost to secrete hormone

35
Q

holocrine secretion

A

large portions of the cell are lost to secrete hormone and cell dies

36
Q

target cells

A

the cells that a particular hormone works on

37
Q

Belgian blue breed

A

breed of cattle that has suppressed production of myostatin

38
Q

myostatin

A

inhibits muscle growth

39
Q

too small of a pituitary

A

▫too little GH

▫dwarfism

40
Q

too big pituitary

A

▫too much GH

▫gigantism

41
Q

goiters

A

▫swelling of the thyroid caused by lack of iodine

▫hypothyroidism

42
Q

iodine is found in

A

▫seafood

▫iodized salt

43
Q

graves disease

A

▫caused by hyperthyroidism

▫enlargement of thyroid, eye bulging, heat intolerance, anxiety

44
Q

Cushing disease

A

▫hyperadrenocorticism

▫increased thirst and urination, increased hunger, round red face, fat upper body with skinny limbs

45
Q

addisons disease

A

▫undersecretion of cortisol

▫low bp, increased pigmentation, weight loss, extreme fatigue

46
Q

precocious puberty

A

▫when puberty begins before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys

47
Q

diabetes results from

A

an insulin deficiency

48
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

▫insulin dependent

▫autoimmune disease that attacks pancreatic cells

49
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

▫adult onset

▫caused by weight

50
Q

hyperglycemia

A

blood sugar rises

51
Q

hypoglycemia

A

blood sugar is too low

52
Q

gestational diabetes

A

when pregnancy hormones block insulin from doing its job

53
Q

diabetic neuropathies

A

family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes

54
Q

anabolic steriods

A

synthetic hormones that are similar to androgens

55
Q

androgens

A

male sex hormones

56
Q

how tall was the tallest man

A

8ft 11

57
Q

what gland regulates metabolism

A

thyroid

58
Q

what are corticosteroids used to treat

A

inflammation

Human A+P (18 decks)

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