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Human A+P > Digestive/excritory System > Flashcards

Digestive/excritory System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of digestive system

A

▫mechanical and chemical break down of food

▫absorption of nutrients

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2
Q

other names for digestive system

A

▫alimentary canal

▫gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

layers of alimentary canal outside to inside

A

▫serosa
▫muscular
▫submucosa
▫mucosa

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4
Q

function of serosa layer

A

lubricates peritoneum

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5
Q

function of muscular layer

A

movement of materials

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6
Q

submucosa layer function

A

contains glands, blood vessels, and nerves

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7
Q

mucosa later function

A

absorbs nutrients

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8
Q

teeth function

A

grind food

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9
Q

eliglottis

A

covers trachea

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10
Q

uvula function

A

covers nasal passage

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11
Q

3 areas of salivary glands

A

▫parotid
▫submandibular
▫sublingual

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12
Q

parotid is located

A

by ear/cheeck

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13
Q

submandibular located

A

below jaw

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14
Q

sublingual is located

A

under tongue

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15
Q

amylase converts _____ into_____

A

starch into sugars

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16
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

when esophagus passes through diaphragm

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17
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

opens and closes entrance to stomach from esophagus

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18
Q

function of esophagus

A

tube that carries/pushes food from mouth to stomach

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19
Q

stomach

A

mixes food with digestive juices

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20
Q

pepsin breaks down

A

proteins

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21
Q

chyme

A

lumpy paste made my stomach

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22
Q

rugae

A

folds of stomach to increase surface area

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23
Q

regions of the stomach

A

▫cardiac
▫fundus
▫body
▫pyloric

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24
Q

cardiac region of the stomach

A

where esophagus meets stomach

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25
Q

fundus region of stomach

A

region next to cardiac higher than esophageal entrance

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26
Q

body of stomach

A

main part of stomach

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27
Q

pyloric part of stomach

A

region where stomach attaches to duodenum

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28
Q

HCL in stomach is used to

A

kill bacteria

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29
Q

how long is the small intestine

A

18ft

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30
Q

3 regions of small intestine

A

▫duodenum
▫jejunum
▫ileum

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31
Q

region where the small and large intestines meet

A

cecum

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32
Q

function of the small intenstine

A

absorb nutrients

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33
Q

function of the large intestine

A

absorbs water and concentrates waste

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34
Q

length of large intestine

A

4.5 ft

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35
Q

regions if the large intestine

A

▫ascending
▫transverse
▫descending
▫sigmoidal

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36
Q

rectum

A

short term storage of solid waste

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37
Q

anus

A

muscular sphincter which controls the excretion of solid waste

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38
Q

accessory structures

A

▫liver
▫gallbladder
▫pancreas

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39
Q

liver function

A

▫produces bile

▫filters toxins

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40
Q

how many lobes of the liver are there

A

4

41
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile from the bile and releases it into the small intestine

42
Q

four phases of digestion

A

▫ingestion
▫digestion
▫movement
▫absorption

43
Q

ingestion

A

consumption or taking in of nutrients

44
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physically tearing and grinding food

45
Q

mechanical digestion is done mostly by

A

teeth and tongue

46
Q

chemical digestion

A

different enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

47
Q

pH of saliva

A

7

48
Q

bolus

A

food after it mixes with saliva

49
Q

peristalsis

A

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle to push food

50
Q

function if good gut bacteria

A

help to breakdown compounds into absorbable nutrienrs, produce certain vitamins, and neutralize harmful compounds

51
Q

gleeking

A

accumulation of saliva in the submandibular gland that is propelled out

52
Q

stomach growls

A

when muscles contract and mood air in your stomach and intestine

53
Q

acid reflux

A

▫small amount of stomach acid going into the esophagus

▫s- burning sensation of the “heart”

54
Q

ulcers

A

▫sores on the inner walls of the stomach or small intenstines

55
Q

causes of ulcers

A

▫bacteria (h. pylori)

▫smoking, alcohol, stress

56
Q

ulcer symptoms

A

▫burning pain in abdomen

57
Q

ulcer treatments

A

antacids

drugs to block histamine release

58
Q

indigestion

A

▫stomach acid becomes too acidic (lower pH)

▫caused by eating too fast, too much, or foods that are spicy/acidic

59
Q

appendicitis

A

▫when appendix becomes inflamed

▫s- pain in lower right quadrant, tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting

60
Q

indigestion treated

A

antiacids

61
Q

diarrhea

A

watery feces caused by the large intestine not absorbing enough water

62
Q

diarrhea causes

A

▫bacteria
▫viruses
▫food poisoning
▫nutritional deficiencies

63
Q

cirrhosis

A

▫chronic degradation of the liver mostly caused by alcohol consumption
▫normal tissue replaced with fibrous tissue

64
Q

gastroenteritis

A

▫inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach and intestines
▫causes by viruses

65
Q

gastroenteritis symptoms

A

diarrhea and vomiting for 24-36 hours

66
Q

gallstones

A

▫when bile solidifies into tiny rocks
▫can be genetic or caused by weight
▫treated by surgery

67
Q

kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)

A

▫occur due to decrease in urine volume or excess stone forming substances in urine
▫s-pain and blood in urine
▫treated by surgery or passing

68
Q

lap band surgery

A

▫device is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to slow the consumption of food
▫used for weight loss in extreme cases

69
Q

celiac disease

A

▫autoimmune disorder affecting villi/microvilli of small intestine
▫s- diarrhea, abdominal distension, loss of appetite

70
Q

crohn’s disease

A

▫inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the alimentary canal
▫s- abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and weight loss

71
Q

crohn’s treatment

A

antibiotics, strict diets, and surgery

72
Q

colon cancer

A

▫uncontrolled cell growth on intestinal cells caused by genetics, age, or diet
▫s- diarrhea, constipation, rectal bleeding, pain, ibs, unexplained weight loss

73
Q

colon cancer treatment

A

chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery

74
Q

functions of excretory system

A

collects and removes waste

75
Q

cellular waste examples

A

heat, water, salts, CO2, urea

76
Q

solid waste is made of

A

excess food and compounds that can’t be broken down

77
Q

urinary system consists of

A

▫kidneys
▫ureters
▫urinary bladder
▫urethra

78
Q

kidney function

A

filter blood to remove cellular waste products

79
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

80
Q

blood is supplied to the kidney by ____ and returned via _____

A

supplied b renal artery

returned by renal vein

81
Q

nephron function

A

clean and rebalance the blood to produce urine

82
Q

renal capsule

A

outermost membrane of the kidney that protects kidney and helps is maintain shape

83
Q

renal cortex

A

reddish part of the kidney that contains the bowman’s capsules and tubules

84
Q

renal medulla

A

red-brown part if kidney that contains the loops of henle

85
Q

renal pyramids

A

segments of the medulla that contain nephrons

86
Q

renal columns

A

regions between pyramids

87
Q

3 stages of filtration

A

▫filtration
▫reabsorption
▫excretion

88
Q

filtration occurs in

A

bowman’s capsule

89
Q

what cannot be removes during filtration

A

red blood cells, platelets, and hormones

90
Q

reabsorption occurs in

A

tubules

91
Q

ureters

A

tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder

92
Q

urinary bladder

A

temporarily stores urine

93
Q

urethra

A

carries urine from urinary bladder to outside of body

94
Q

urinalysis

A

physical and chemical examination or urine

95
Q

urinalysis looks at

A

color, turbidity, odor, density

96
Q

kidney failure

A

▫kidney stops effectively filtering blood
▫cause by infections, trauma, diabetes, tumors
▫s-build up of toxins, jaundice, fatigue
▫t- dialysis or transplantz

97
Q

dialysis

A

the purification of blood by an external machine

98
Q

ens

A

entric nervous system- system of nerves found in gut

Human A+P (18 decks)

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