Chapter 3 Flashcards
Plasma membrane
Outer boundary of cell that acts as a physical barrier and responds to signals
Membrane lipids
Form most of the surface if the plasma membrane
Integral membrane proteins
Proteins that cannot be removed, the typically span the entire membrane
Peripheral membrane proteins
Proteins bound to inner and outer surfaces of the membrane
Membrane carbohydrates function
Protection, anchoring, movement, binding, identification
Active transport
Requires energy
Passive transport
Does not require energy
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area if high concentration to an area of low concentration
Concentration gradient
The difference between high and low concentrations
Simple diffusion
Molecules just pass through the membrane
Channel mediated transport diffusion
Materials pass through transmembrane proteins
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a membrane
Isotonic
Solute concentrations are equal, no net movement of water
Hypotonic
Solution had a lower solute concentration, cell will gain water
Hypertonic solution
Solution has a higher solute concentration, cell will lose water
Cotransport (symport)
Protein carries two substrates in the same direction
Countertransport (antiport)
One substrate moves in, one moves out
Sodium potassium exchange pump
3 Na+ in 2K+ out
Secondary active transport
Transport doesnt require energy, but energy will have to he used to get back to homeostasis
Endocytosis
Moving materials in via vesicles, active transport
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Receptors bind to ligands, forms vesicle
Pinocytosis
Forms vesicle around interstitial fluid and brings it in
Phagocytosis
Forms vesicle around large object and brings it in for distruction
Exocytosis
Vesicle binds with membrane to release substances
Interphase
Nondividing stage of normal cell function
Prophase
Nucleoli disappear, centrioles move to poles
Metaphase
Chromosomes align in the center
Anaphase
Chromosomes are pulled apart
Telophase
Cell splits, nuclear membrane reforms
Stages in the cell cycle
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Benign
Not life threatening
Malignant
Spreads and starts new tumors
Tumor
Enlarged mass of cells
Metastisis
Development if a new secondary tumor away from the primary tumor
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth
Microvili
Increase surface area
Centrioles
Help divide the cell
Cilia
Move cell around
Golgi aparatus
Sorts and packages proteins
Mitochondria
Create energy
Rough er
Protein folding occurs
Smooth er
Produces lipids
Proteasome
Break down damaged proteins
Nucleus
Holds directions for protein production
Ribosomes
Where proteins are made
Lysosome
Remove waste
Peroxisome
Break down fatty acids to he reused
