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Human A+P > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 most important elements in the body

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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2
Q

5 main elements in the body

A

Ca P K Na Cl

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3
Q

5 trace elements

A

Si F Cu Mn Zn

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4
Q

Isotopes

A
  • different number of neutrons

* changes mass

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5
Q

Ions

A
  • Different number of electrons

* change in charge

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6
Q

Ionic bonds are held together by

A

Trading electrons

Gain electrons

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7
Q

Covalent bonds are held together by

A

Electron sharing

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8
Q

Important properties of water due to hydrogen bonding

A
  • high surface tension
  • resists evaporation
  • helps shape proteins and DNA
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9
Q

Exergonic

A

Releases energy

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10
Q

Endergonic

A

Takes in energy

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11
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein that promotes chemical reactions by by lowering the activation energy

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12
Q

Pathway

A

Complex reactions that require multiple steps, intermediates, and enzymes

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13
Q

Nutrient

A

Essential molecules obtained from the food you eat

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14
Q

Metabolites

A

All the molecules that can be used in chemical reactions in your body

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15
Q

Organic v inorganic compounds

A

Organic contain carbon inorganic primarily made of something else

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16
Q

Important properties of water

A
  • solubility
  • reactivity
  • lubrication
  • high heat capacity
17
Q

pH

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

18
Q

Acid

A

Compounds that release H+ when dissociated

19
Q

Bases

A

Compounds that remove H+ from a solution by releasing OH-

20
Q

Salt

A

Ionic compound that doesn’t contain H+ or OH-

21
Q

Buffer

A

Compound that stabilizes pH

22
Q

Carbohydrate monomer unit example, and function

A
  • monosaccharide
  • glycogen
  • short term energy storage
23
Q

Lipid monomer unit, example, and function

A
  • triglyceride
  • fats
  • long term energy storage
24
Q

Protein monomer unit, example, and function

A

Amino acids
Enzyme
Catalyze reactions

25
Q

Nucleus acid monomer unit, example, and function

A

Nucleotide
DNA
Code for protein synthesis

26
Q

Molecule

A

When atoms of the same type bond

26
Q

Compounds

A

When different types of atoms bond

26
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

When a slightly positive hydrogen is attracted to a slightly negative oxygen on a different molecule

26
Q

Colloids

A

Aqueous solution with big particles that dont settle out

26
Q

Suspension

A

Solution containing large molecules that will eventually settle out

26
Q

Electrolytes

A

Dissociated ions that carry a charge that are important for body signaling

26
Q

Acid range

A

0-6

27
Q

Base range

A

8-14

28
Q

Normal blood ph

A

7.35-7.45

29
Q

Acidosis

A

Blood ph gets too low

30
Q

Alkadosis

A

Blood ph gets too high

Human A+P (18 decks)

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